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Originated under Warren Hastings with Diwani Adalats for civil cases and Faujdari Adalats for criminal matters. Reformed significantly in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis, introducing impartiality,

The judicial reforms of Lord Cornwallis (Governor-General of India, 1786–1793) represent a landmark in the development of the Indian legal system. These reforms aimed to

The Patna Cause highlighted serious issues in the Company’s courts in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. The six Provincial Councils, which managed both revenue collection and