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The Constitution (Seventy-Fourth Amendment) Act, 1992, introduced Part IX-A, encompassing Articles 243P to 243ZG, to provide a constitutional framework for urban local governance in India.

Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in India, established under Articles 243 to 243O of the Constitution, form the backbone of rural self-governance. These provisions, introduced by

Articles 370 and 371 of the Indian Constitution provided special provisions for certain states, acknowledging their unique circumstances and needs. Article 370 granted special autonomy