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Appeals from Provincial Courts of Appeal (PCA) to the Sadar Diwani Adalat (SDA) were unrestricted for cases exceeding ₹1,000 in value. This created a significant

Originated under Warren Hastings with Diwani Adalats for civil cases and Faujdari Adalats for criminal matters. Reformed significantly in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis, introducing impartiality,

The judicial reforms of Lord Cornwallis (Governor-General of India, 1786–1793) represent a landmark in the development of the Indian legal system. These reforms aimed to