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The Patna Cause highlighted serious issues in the Company’s courts in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. The six Provincial Councils, which managed both revenue collection and

In Bombay and Madras, the judicial system established by George III’s Charter of 1753 persisted longer than in Calcutta. The rapid growth in population, trade,

Bengal experienced profound anarchy after the Battle of Plassey in 1756, which shifted real power to the British East India Company. Although this granted vast