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Constitutional Law (Constitution of India & Indian Polity): Mains Previous Year Questions (Subjective)
Topic-wise, source-linked descriptive questions from UPSC Law Optional, Civil Services General Studies, Delhi Judicial Service, Madhya Pradesh Civil Judge and Rajasthan Judicial Service examinations.
199Question occurrences
199Distinct prompts
18Source papers
14Topic groups
Scope and verification
Topic-wise, source-linked descriptive questions from UPSC Law Optional, Civil Services General Studies, Delhi Judicial Service, Madhya Pradesh Civil Judge and Rajasthan Judicial Service examinations.
This collection contains 199 individually attributable subjective question occurrences and 199 distinct editorial question prompts, from 18 traced examination papers. The verified year span is 2013–2026. UPSC Law Optional Paper I is covered continuously from 2016 through 2026 (Section A). UPSC GS Paper II (2026), Delhi Judicial Service (2022, 2023), Madhya Pradesh Civil Judge (2022) and Rajasthan Judicial Service (2013, 2015, 2016) are included where identifiable subjective constitutional questions were found.
Reliability: A identifies official UPSC PDFs or identifiable reproductions of complete examination papers. B identifies named secondary reproductions where the original scan could not be independently checked. Every card links to its source. All English questions are faithful editorial paraphrases, not claimed verbatim transcripts. The wording and demand of individual prompts are retained, while punctuation and length may differ from the source.
Limitations: Nationwide archives are incomplete and many State/UT judicial service, Higher Judicial Service, APO/APP, JLO and law-officer mains papers remain unexamined. UPSC Law Optional papers before 2016 and other GS years are outside this verified set. This is therefore an extensive, source-led compilation, not a claim to contain every question ever asked in India. Some original PDF hosts may change their addresses. All historical questions reflect the legal context and wording of their examination year.
Question-only compilation. No model answers, solutions, hints or answer frameworks are included.
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Preamble and Constitutionalism
17 attributable subjective question occurrences
Constitutionalism and limited government (3)
Question 001 · #PYQ-0007
Constitutionalism means limited government and limitation on government, rather than arbitrary power. Discuss.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 002 · #PYQ-0035
Constitutionalism means limited government under fundamental law. Distinguish Constitution from constitutionalism.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2024 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 003 · #PYQ-0058
A Constitution should be permeated with constitutionalism to preserve freedom and dignity. Discuss.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2022 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Federal character and foundational values (1)
Question 004 · #PYQ-0164
To what extent do pressure groups, social movements and corporate lobbies deepen pluralistic democracy? Does convergence of corporate wealth and political power threaten autonomous democratic institutions?
Asked in: UPSC GS II · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), General Studies Paper II · Q15. Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 5
Other questions within this topic (1)
Question 005 · #PYQ-0179
Explain briefly the legal perspective on the Government of India Act, 1935.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q3(iv). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Preamble and constitutional identity (4)
Question 006 · #PYQ-0176
State whether the word secular was introduced by the Forty-second Amendment and whether those changes were entirely repealed by the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Amendments. Justify in three or four sentences.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q2(viii). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Question 007 · #PYQ-0043
The Preamble indicates basic values pursued by India's political system. Explain how far you agree with reference to its enshrined values.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2023 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 008 · #PYQ-0085
Goals in the Preamble contain aspects of the basic structure which cannot be amended under Article 368. Analyse with leading cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2020 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 009 · #PYQ-0128
Is secularism an essential feature of the Constitution? Discuss with cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2017 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Rule of law and separation of powers (8)
Question 010 · #PYQ-0163
Compare separation of powers in India and the United States' presidential system, including the actual authority of India's Prime Minister and the US President.
Asked in: UPSC GS II · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), General Studies Paper II · Q14. Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 5
Question 011 · #PYQ-0019
The doctrine of separation of powers in its classical structural form is not followed in any country. Critically evaluate with reasons.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2025 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(e). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 012 · #PYQ-0068
Though the parliamentary system blends the executive and legislature in personnel, it separates their functions. Explain with judicial decisions.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2022 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 013 · #PYQ-0084
What is separation of powers? Is strict observance possible in parliamentary government? Discuss with cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2021 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 014 · #PYQ-0110
Explain Dicey's rule of law and the proposition that nobody is above the law, with decided cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2019 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 015 · #PYQ-0138
Is the recent trend of judicial activism inconsistent with separation of powers? Discuss.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2017 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 016 · #PYQ-0152
Rule of law opposes arbitrary power. Does failure to provide reasons constitute arbitrary action?
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2016 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 017 · #PYQ-0198
Write a short note on separation of powers under the Constitution (option under Q37, any two).
Asked in: Rajasthan Judicial Service · 2013 · Law Paper I · Q37(C). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · B · Attributed secondary reproduction (original scan not checked) · Open source paper
Fundamental Rights and Equality
22 attributable subjective question occurrences
Article 12 and constitutional State (2)
Question 018 · #PYQ-0004
The word 'State' used in the Directive Principles has the same meaning as given by Article 12 for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. Examine exceptions, if any.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(d). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 019 · #PYQ-0115
Evaluate changing interpretations of State under Article 12.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2018 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Citizenship and dignity (2)
Question 020 · #PYQ-0183
Explain briefly the legal perspective on the Citizenship Amendment Act.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q3(x). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Question 021 · #PYQ-0187
Discuss the Delhi High Court's split verdict of 11 May 2022 on marital rape and the differing judicial views.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2022 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q1(vii). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 1
Equality and affirmative action (9)
Question 022 · #PYQ-0156
Women as a class neither belong to a minority group nor are they regarded as forming a backward class. Discuss the evolution of women's reservation from local bodies to Parliament.
Asked in: UPSC GS II · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), General Studies Paper II · Q2. Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 023 · #PYQ-0159
Do NCSC and NCST have adequate enforcement powers to secure substantive social equality? Suggest measures to strengthen their effectiveness.
Asked in: UPSC GS II · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), General Studies Paper II · Q5. Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 3
Question 024 · #PYQ-0025
Examine the constitutional and Legal Services Authorities Act provisions ensuring equal opportunity of access to justice.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2025 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 025 · #PYQ-0057
Absolute equality may itself cause inequality. Discuss substantive equality.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2022 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 026 · #PYQ-0093
Examine protective discrimination for SCs, STs and OBCs under Articles 15 and 16, with decided cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2020 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 027 · #PYQ-0118
Examine social justice under Part IV and Article 14 of the Constitution.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2018 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 028 · #PYQ-0192
Briefly discuss the doctrine of severability under Article 13(1) of the Constitution of India.
Asked in: Rajasthan Judicial Service · 2015 · Law Paper I · Q1. Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · B · Attributed secondary reproduction (original scan not checked) · Open source paper
Question 029 · #PYQ-0193
Arbitrariness is the antithesis of Article 14. Elaborate.
Asked in: Rajasthan Judicial Service · 2015 · Law Paper I · Q14. Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · B · Attributed secondary reproduction (original scan not checked) · Open source paper
Question 030 · #PYQ-0196
Write a short note on the concept of equality under the Constitution of India (option under Q37, any two).
Asked in: Rajasthan Judicial Service · 2013 · Law Paper I · Q37(A). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · B · Attributed secondary reproduction (original scan not checked) · Open source paper
Legal aid and access to justice (2)
Question 031 · #PYQ-0052
Discuss legal aid as a means of access to justice for marginalised sections, citing the Constitution and Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2023 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 032 · #PYQ-0083
Examine the role of State Legal Services Authorities in promoting legal literacy and rights of women and children.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2021 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Minorities and education institutions (1)
Question 033 · #PYQ-0038
Who are minorities? Discuss reasonable restrictions upon the constitutional right to establish and administer minority educational institutions.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2024 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Other questions within this topic (3)
Question 034 · #PYQ-0033
A law is void only to the extent of its inconsistency with a Fundamental Right. Explain with decided cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2024 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(e). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 035 · #PYQ-0048
The Constitution distinguishes civil and political rights from economic and cultural rights, prioritising civil and political rights. Explain.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2023 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 036 · #PYQ-0071
Fundamental Rights constitutionalise the social values of existing society. Explain with illustrations.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2021 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Property and eminent domain (3)
Question 037 · #PYQ-0053
The strength of eminent domain is inversely proportional to the democratic nature of the system. Do you agree? Explain.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2023 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 038 · #PYQ-0087
Analyse the doctrine of eminent domain, its relevance and limitations under the Constitution, with cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2020 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 039 · #PYQ-0144
Explain eminent domain and its relevance today.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2016 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(d). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Life, Liberty and Freedoms
17 attributable subjective question occurrences
Education and welfare rights (2)
Question 040 · #PYQ-0168
Explain how and when the right to education became a Fundamental Right.
Asked in: MP Civil Judge · 2022 · Civil Judge Junior Division (Entry Level) Main, Constitution, Civil Law & Procedure · Q3. Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Question 041 · #PYQ-0073
Right to education is a foundation of Fundamental Rights and human rights. Discuss government efforts concerning children's education.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2021 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Life, privacy and personal liberty (6)
Question 042 · #PYQ-0155
Right to privacy relating to self-identity is very dear to every human being and well protected under Article 21 of the Constitution. Examine the effect of the 2026 amendment to the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019.
Asked in: UPSC GS II · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), General Studies Paper II · Q1. Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 043 · #PYQ-0161
What is judicial legislation? Discuss Supreme Court rulings permitting passive euthanasia and living wills.
Asked in: UPSC GS II · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), General Studies Paper II · Q12. Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 5
Question 044 · #PYQ-0006
While interpreting Article 21, the Supreme Court indirectly introduced the concept of due process of law into the Constitution and considerably expanded its scope. Discuss with leading case law.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 045 · #PYQ-0018
If Article 21 confers the right to a dignified life, does it also include the right not to live? Examine constitutional provisions and case law.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2025 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(d). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 046 · #PYQ-0103
Explain the right to privacy under Article 21 in the light of Justice K. S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2019 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(e). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 047 · #PYQ-0127
Discuss the importance of right to life and personal liberty with recent cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2017 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Other questions within this topic (1)
Question 048 · #PYQ-0171
Write a short note on same-sex marriage in India, referring to recent public discourse.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q1(vi). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 1
Preventive detention and State power (3)
Question 049 · #PYQ-0181
Explain briefly the legal perspective on preventive detention.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q3(viii). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Question 050 · #PYQ-0186
Write about the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2022 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q1(v). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 1
Question 051 · #PYQ-0188
What did the Supreme Court decide in May 2022 regarding Covid-19 vaccination, and which constitutional Article did it cite?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2022 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q3(iii). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Religion, conscience and identity (2)
Question 052 · #PYQ-0184
Write about the highlights of the recent Karnataka High Court Hijab verdict.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2022 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q1(ii). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 1
Question 053 · #PYQ-0076
Religious tolerance and pluralism underpin Indian secularism, though religious freedom is not absolute. Critically examine with constitutional provisions and cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2021 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Speech, information and press (3)
Question 054 · #PYQ-0190
What was the Supreme Court's order of 11 May 2022 regarding the sedition law?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2022 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q3(vii). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Question 055 · #PYQ-0167
Right to information is a subset of the constitutional freedom of speech and expression. Critically examine this assertion with relevant case law.
Asked in: MP Civil Judge · 2022 · Civil Judge Junior Division (Entry Level) Main, Constitution, Civil Law & Procedure · Q2. Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Question 056 · #PYQ-0124
Explain why freedom of the press is no higher than a citizen's freedom of speech, distinguishing relevant constitutional expressions.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2018 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties
8 attributable subjective question occurrences
Directive Principles and welfare (5)
Question 057 · #PYQ-0021
Directive Principles are fundamental in governance. Illustrate legislation enacted to implement them.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2025 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 058 · #PYQ-0041
Fundamental Rights are means to an end specified in the Directive Principles. Analyse.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2024 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 059 · #PYQ-0064
Are all Directive Principles equally fundamental in governance? Discuss with cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2022 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 060 · #PYQ-0082
Directive Principles are not justiciable but are fundamental to governance. Critically examine government obligations under Part IV.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2021 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 061 · #PYQ-0145
Discuss the relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles with amendments and cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2016 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(e). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Fundamental Duties (1)
Question 062 · #PYQ-0088
List the Fundamental Duties. Explain the rationale for introducing them through the Forty-second Amendment.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2020 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(d). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Uniform Civil Code and family rights (2)
Question 063 · #PYQ-0170
Write a short note on the Uniform Civil Code, referring to recent public discourse.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q1(v). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 1
Question 064 · #PYQ-0185
Write about the Shah Bano petition and the significance of the Supreme Court's 1985 judgment.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2022 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q1(iv). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 1
Amendment and Basic Structure
6 attributable subjective question occurrences
Article 368 and amendment procedure (3)
Question 065 · #PYQ-0022
The Constituent Assembly described the Constitution's amendment procedure as facile. Does the basic-structure doctrine significantly limit Article 368 powers? Elucidate.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2025 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 066 · #PYQ-0039
Discuss the procedure for amending the Constitution and limitations upon it, with relevant Supreme Court judgments.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2024 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 067 · #PYQ-0142
The amendment procedure is neither rigid nor easy. Elaborate.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2016 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Basic-structure limits (3)
Question 068 · #PYQ-0009
Kesavananda Bharati illustrates judicial creativity and could be regarded as improving upon Golaknath. Examine the proposition with relevant arguments.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 069 · #PYQ-0062
The power to amend cannot extend to damaging or destroying the Constitution's basic structure. Discuss.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2022 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 070 · #PYQ-0105
Parliament's amending power is wide but limited. Does basic structure reinforce judicial review? Discuss.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2019 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Federalism and Centre-State Relations
24 attributable subjective question occurrences
Cooperative and competitive federalism (6)
Question 071 · #PYQ-0162
How effectively does Indian federalism accommodate regional and cultural diversity? Explain asymmetric federalism and suggest better dispute-resolution mechanisms.
Asked in: UPSC GS II · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), General Studies Paper II · Q13. Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 5
Question 072 · #PYQ-0040
Cooperative federalism has become central to constitutional governance but faces challenges. Elaborate.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2024 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 073 · #PYQ-0092
Distinguish cooperative federalism from competitive federalism with illustrations.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2020 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 074 · #PYQ-0109
India is a Union of States. Is the Constitution federal? Discuss with decided cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2019 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 075 · #PYQ-0113
Distinguish cooperative and competitive federalism. Is the Constitution more cooperative or competitive?
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2018 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 076 · #PYQ-0141
Explain federalism as incorporated in the Constitution.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2016 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Legislative lists and competence (12)
Question 077 · #PYQ-0015
Where does the Constitution vest executive power over subjects in the Concurrent List, on which both the Union and States may legislate? Explain.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2025 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 078 · #PYQ-0024
Examine constitutional provisions authorising Parliament to legislate on subjects in the State List.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2025 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 079 · #PYQ-0030
Parliament and State Legislatures must remain within their assigned legislative domains without encroaching on one another. Critically examine.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2024 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 080 · #PYQ-0174
State whether Article 35A gave Jammu and Kashmir autonomous status and a separate constitution, and restricted Parliament's legislative powers. Justify your response in three or four sentences.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q2(i). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Question 081 · #PYQ-0180
Explain briefly the constitutional position regarding control over law and order in the National Capital Territory of Delhi.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q3(vii). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Question 082 · #PYQ-0059
Explain repugnancy between Union and State laws and which law prevails, with cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2022 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 083 · #PYQ-0099
Discuss the doctrine of pith and substance in allocation of legislative powers, with landmark cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2019 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 084 · #PYQ-0191
What provisions of the Constitution govern inconsistency between laws passed by Parliament and by State Legislatures?
Asked in: Rajasthan Judicial Service · 2016 · Law Paper I · Q16. Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · B · Attributed secondary reproduction (original scan not checked) · Open source paper
Question 085 · #PYQ-0146
Discuss the distribution of Union and State legislative powers by subjects and territory.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2016 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 086 · #PYQ-0147
Discuss Parliament's residuary legislative powers.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2016 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 087 · #PYQ-0194
Can Parliament enact laws with extra-territorial operation? Can their validity be challenged?
Asked in: Rajasthan Judicial Service · 2013 · Law Paper I · Q1. Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · B · Attributed secondary reproduction (original scan not checked) · Open source paper
Question 088 · #PYQ-0195
State the constitutional conditions under which Parliament can legislate on State List matters.
Asked in: Rajasthan Judicial Service · 2013 · Law Paper I · Q31. Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · B · Attributed secondary reproduction (original scan not checked) · Open source paper
Other questions within this topic (1)
Question 089 · #PYQ-0078
Explain Articles 256 and 257, the consequences of State defiance of Union directions and whether the provisions need restructuring.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2021 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Regional autonomy and asymmetry (2)
Question 090 · #PYQ-0010
Constitutional governance limits government authority. Analyse this system with special reference to the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 091 · #PYQ-0166
Comment on the constitutional validity of abrogating Article 370 of the Constitution of India in relation to Jammu and Kashmir.
Asked in: MP Civil Judge · 2022 · Civil Judge Junior Division (Entry Level) Main, Constitution, Civil Law & Procedure · Q1. Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Union–State administrative relations (3)
Question 092 · #PYQ-0045
The distribution of powers between Centre and States has an obvious bias towards the Centre. Do you agree? Explain.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2023 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 093 · #PYQ-0094
Should constitutional provisions concerning Union-State relations be amended? Recommend any specific amendments and justify.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2020 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 094 · #PYQ-0135
Evaluate administrative relations between Union and States and intergovernmental delegation of administrative power.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2017 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
President, Governor and Executive
16 attributable subjective question occurrences
Governor and constitutional discretion (4)
Question 095 · #PYQ-0026
Examine the Governor's powers of pardon, reprieve, respite, remission, suspension and commutation of sentences within the State's executive competence.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2025 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 096 · #PYQ-0065
Can the constitutional head of a State be called the nerve-centre of federalism? Examine the Governor's powers and duties.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2022 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 097 · #PYQ-0095
The Governor occupies a sui generis office and has limited constitutionally constrained discretion. Examine with the Sarkaria Commission report.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2020 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 098 · #PYQ-0132
Examine the Governor's office and pardoning powers, including judicial review.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2017 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
President and Council of Ministers (12)
Question 099 · #PYQ-0160
Discuss the position of the Governor in Indian federalism. What is the nature of his power over assent to State bills? Is he bound by the Council of Ministers' advice in every function?
Asked in: UPSC GS II · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), General Studies Paper II · Q11. Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 4
Question 100 · #PYQ-0005
The President in India is elected by indirect election. Explain. Who decides disputes concerning the election of the President? Discuss.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(e). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 101 · #PYQ-0036
Discuss the relationship between the President and Council of Ministers under India's parliamentary system, with constitutional provisions.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2024 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 102 · #PYQ-0042
Critically examine the President's and Governor's ordinance-making power as a balance between pragmatic governance and potential overreach, with decided cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2024 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 103 · #PYQ-0175
State whether the President is head of the executive and also exercises legislative and judicial powers. Justify in three or four sentences.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q2(vi). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Question 104 · #PYQ-0044
The President under the Indian Constitution is largely a figurehead. Explain with relevant decided cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2023 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 105 · #PYQ-0074
Explain the relationship between President and Council of Ministers. Is the President bound by ministerial advice?
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2021 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(d). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 106 · #PYQ-0090
(i) Discuss the Lokpal's and Lokayukta's powers and functions under the 2013 Act and compare the Ombudsman with other anti-corruption mechanisms. (ii) Explain presidential pardoning powers and scope of judicial review over them.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2020 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 107 · #PYQ-0111
Discuss the President's ordinance-making power and whether courts can review ordinance validity.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2019 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 108 · #PYQ-0117
Examine the President's position under Article 53 and the consequences if the President rejects the Prime Minister's advice.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2018 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(e). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 109 · #PYQ-0122
Is a Governor's office held at the President's pleasure? Examine the Governor's discretion with cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2018 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 110 · #PYQ-0149
Enumerate the President's executive powers, including cases of State non-compliance with interstate agreements.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2016 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Parliament and Legislative Process
9 attributable subjective question occurrences
Legislative powers, procedure and offices (9)
Question 111 · #PYQ-0157
Examine whether the office of Lok Sabha Speaker has become vulnerable to partisan politics under the current anti-defection regime. What institutional changes can ensure neutrality in a polarised House?
Asked in: UPSC GS II · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), General Studies Paper II · Q3. Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 112 · #PYQ-0003
What do you understand by legislative process? Under the Constitution, Parliament has been empowered to make law on any matter, in any list, for any territory not included in a State. Explain.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 113 · #PYQ-0020
What powers, privileges and immunities do Houses of Parliament possess? Can they expel members for breach of privilege, and is such expulsion judicially reviewable?
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2025 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 114 · #PYQ-0037
Compare Articles 105 and 194 concerning parliamentary and legislative privileges. Explain why they should be read together.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2024 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 115 · #PYQ-0182
Explain briefly the legal perspective on a hung legislature.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q3(ix). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Question 116 · #PYQ-0063
Discuss application of Fundamental Rights in parliamentary privilege cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2022 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 117 · #PYQ-0097
Parliamentary privilege is essential to the many functions of the legislature. Discuss and suggest any reforms.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2020 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 118 · #PYQ-0102
Parliamentary privileges have generated conflict between Parliament and the judiciary. Analyse decided cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2019 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(d). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 119 · #PYQ-0136
Discuss Parliament's and State Legislatures' powers to punish breaches of privilege.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2017 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Courts, Judicial Review and Remedies
25 attributable subjective question occurrences
Constitutional and administrative judicial review (4)
Question 120 · #PYQ-0002
If the power of judicial review of legislation and administrative actions is abrogated or taken away, the Constitution will cease to be what it is. Critically evaluate.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 121 · #PYQ-0023
Judicial review of administrative action is central to democracy and the rule of law. Explain with examples.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2025 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 122 · #PYQ-0047
Explain the grounds for judicial review of administrative actions, citing decided cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2023 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(e). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 123 · #PYQ-0086
Distinguish judicial review from judicial power. Explain review of decisions under the Tenth Schedule.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2020 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Judicial appointments and independence (3)
Question 124 · #PYQ-0077
Discuss appointment of Supreme Court and High Court judges and transfer of High Court judges, with case law and constitutional provisions.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2021 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 125 · #PYQ-0120
What is the best method of appointing judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts? Support your view.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2018 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 126 · #PYQ-0150
Discuss the 99th Constitutional Amendment and present system of appointing judges to the higher judiciary.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2016 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Jurisdiction, tribunals and courts (9)
Question 127 · #PYQ-0012
The Supreme Court of India is a multi-jurisdictional Court and may be regarded as the most powerful apex court. Justify with constitutional provisions.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 128 · #PYQ-0016
The decision in L. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India (1997) is said to have defeated the purpose of establishing administrative tribunals in India. Discuss.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2025 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 129 · #PYQ-0017
Critically examine, with decided cases, the President's power to consult the Supreme Court.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2025 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 130 · #PYQ-0029
Examine the Supreme Court's appellate jurisdiction over criminal appeals from High Courts.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2024 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 131 · #PYQ-0178
Explain briefly the legal perspective on regional benches of the Supreme Court of India.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q3(iii). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Question 132 · #PYQ-0056
Discuss the Supreme Court's advisory role when the President refers a critical question of law or fact, with examples.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2023 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 133 · #PYQ-0069
Can administrative tribunals examine the constitutional validity of primary legislation? Discuss with case law.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2022 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 134 · #PYQ-0129
Explain Supreme Court appellate jurisdiction in criminal matters.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2017 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 135 · #PYQ-0130
Explain tribunalisation of justice in India.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2017 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(d). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Writs, PIL and standing (9)
Question 136 · #PYQ-0034
Public Interest Litigation is an exception to ordinary locus standi. Explain its evolution, aims and drawbacks with leading cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2024 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 137 · #PYQ-0173
Write a short note on the National Judicial Appointments Commission, referring to recent public discourse.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q1(viii). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 1
Question 138 · #PYQ-0189
Which two judges are associated with introducing PIL in India?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2022 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q3(vi). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Question 139 · #PYQ-0072
Public Interest Litigation in India is judge-led and sometimes judge-induced. Explain with relevant case law.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2021 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 140 · #PYQ-0098
Examine curative writ petitions in the context of the tension between law and justice, with cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2020 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 141 · #PYQ-0106
Examine and distinguish writ powers under Articles 226 and 32.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2019 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 142 · #PYQ-0112
Examine both propositions: (i) PIL is a means for judicial politics; (ii) judicial activism has positive and negative effects.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2019 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 143 · #PYQ-0126
When can third parties move writ petitions before High Courts or Supreme Court, and what are the limits of such standing?
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2018 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 144 · #PYQ-0197
Write a short note on the High Courts' powers to issue writs, directions and orders (option under Q37, any two).
Asked in: Rajasthan Judicial Service · 2013 · Law Paper I · Q37(B). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · B · Attributed secondary reproduction (original scan not checked) · Open source paper
Elections and Constitutional Institutions
8 attributable subjective question occurrences
Election Commission and electoral administration (7)
Question 145 · #PYQ-0158
Is the right to vote a fundamental right? Discuss the Election Commission's position during revision of electoral rolls. Can it examine the citizenship of voters?
Asked in: UPSC GS II · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), General Studies Paper II · Q4. Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 3
Question 146 · #PYQ-0169
Write a short note on One Nation, One Election, referring to recent public discourse.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q1(iii). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 1
Question 147 · #PYQ-0177
Explain briefly the legal perspective on electoral bonds in India.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q3(i). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 2
Question 148 · #PYQ-0051
Critically examine the Election Commission's appointment process and powers of superintendence, direction and control of elections, with recent decisions.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2023 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 149 · #PYQ-0079
Free and fair elections form the heartbeat of democracy, but corruption and criminalisation weaken elections. Discuss Election Commission measures.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2021 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 150 · #PYQ-0108
Explain Election Commission powers and functions as an autonomous constitutional authority.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2019 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 151 · #PYQ-0139
Explain Election Commission powers in conducting free and fair elections.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2017 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Representative democracy and reservations (1)
Question 152 · #PYQ-0172
Write a short note on women's reservation, referring to recent public discourse.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I · Q1(vii). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary · Open source paper · page 1
Emergency Provisions
7 attributable subjective question occurrences
Financial emergency: Article 360 (1)
Question 153 · #PYQ-0137
When can the President proclaim financial emergency, and what are its effects?
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2017 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
National emergency: Article 352 (3)
Question 154 · #PYQ-0013
Is the satisfaction for proclaiming an emergency that of the President or the Central Cabinet? Critically examine the proposition and its consequences.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 155 · #PYQ-0027
What changes did the Forty-fourth Amendment introduce to Part XVIII? Are these sufficient to prevent misuse of Article 352?
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2025 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 156 · #PYQ-0067
Briefly discuss consequences of a proclamation of emergency under Article 352.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2022 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
President’s Rule: Article 356 (3)
Question 157 · #PYQ-0054
What constitutes breakdown of constitutional machinery in a State? Examine Article 356 and President's Rule with case law.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2023 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 158 · #PYQ-0080
Explain the consequences of proclamation of President's Rule under Article 356.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2021 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 159 · #PYQ-0125
Explain the controversy and consequences surrounding President's Rule under Article 356.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2018 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Local Government
6 attributable subjective question occurrences
Constitutional status and autonomy (6)
Question 160 · #PYQ-0049
Explain the authority and institutional structure of Panchayati Raj bodies and urban local bodies under the Constitution.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2023 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 161 · #PYQ-0060
What tests has the Supreme Court prescribed for quantifying and providing OBC quotas in local body elections?
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2022 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(d). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 162 · #PYQ-0096
(i) Do local bodies have autonomy in economic development and social justice? (ii) Describe the powers and functions of the UPSC.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2020 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 163 · #PYQ-0104
(i) Explain growth of tribunals in India, especially administrative tribunals. (ii) Examine whether Panchayati Raj institutions reduce the judiciary's workload.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2019 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 164 · #PYQ-0121
What are the principal challenges to local government bodies in India? Assess their performance.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2018 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 165 · #PYQ-0133
Is imposing educational qualifications to contest local-body elections undemocratic? Discuss.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2017 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Services and Commissions
6 attributable subjective question occurrences
Doctrine of pleasure and service protection (5)
Question 166 · #PYQ-0001
The 'Doctrine of Pleasure' in its absolute unrestricted application does not exist in India. Elucidate with regard to service jurisprudence.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 167 · #PYQ-0031
Every Union civil servant holds office during the President's pleasure. Describe exceptions to this principle.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2024 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 168 · #PYQ-0050
What constitutional status and protections are provided to India's civil servants? Explain.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2023 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 169 · #PYQ-0119
Discuss constitutional safeguards against dismissal, removal and reduction in rank of civil servants and whether public corporation employees enjoy them.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2018 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 170 · #PYQ-0199
Write a short note on the doctrine of pleasure and reasonable opportunity of hearing (option under Q37, any two).
Asked in: Rajasthan Judicial Service · 2013 · Law Paper I · Q37(D). Language: English.
Faithful editorial paraphrase · B · Attributed secondary reproduction (original scan not checked) · Open source paper
Public Service Commissions (1)
Question 171 · #PYQ-0151
Discuss UPSC powers and functions and mechanisms protecting its impartiality.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2016 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Administrative Law and Delegated Legislation
28 attributable subjective question occurrences
Accountability, Lokpal and Ombudsman (7)
Question 172 · #PYQ-0165
Transparency and accountability in governance concern public trust, rule of law and participatory governance beyond merely controlling corruption. Comment.
Asked in: UPSC GS II · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), General Studies Paper II · Q16. Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 6
Question 173 · #PYQ-0014
An Ombudsman is a projection of the legislature's supervisory function over administration. Elucidate with Indian examples.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 174 · #PYQ-0028
Explain how the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 promotes transparency and accountability in public governance.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2025 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 175 · #PYQ-0055
Discuss the objectives, powers, functions and effectiveness of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2023 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 176 · #PYQ-0100
The Lokpal is meant to investigate grievances against administration rather than adjudicate them. Critically examine.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2019 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 177 · #PYQ-0140
Is the 2013 Lokpal legislative framework sufficient to curb corruption? Discuss limitations.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2017 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 178 · #PYQ-0153
Discuss the Ombudsman's role in rectifying administrative faults.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2016 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Delegation and ultra vires (8)
Question 179 · #PYQ-0008
The legislature must formulate essential policy or standards in the delegating Act, leaving the delegate to advance that policy. Elaborate with relevant cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 180 · #PYQ-0032
The Constitution permits delegation while restricting delegated law-making to protect legislative intent. Examine with illustrations.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2024 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(d). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 181 · #PYQ-0066
What grounds justify declaring delegated legislation substantively ultra vires? Refer to cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2022 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 182 · #PYQ-0075
The Constitution neither expressly permits nor forbids delegation of legislative powers. Discuss constitutionality with decided cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2021 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(e). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 183 · #PYQ-0089
What are the modes of judicial control over delegated legislation?
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2020 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(e). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 184 · #PYQ-0107
What are the consequences when a delegate fails to comply with procedural safeguards specified by its enabling Act? Discuss with cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2019 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(a). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 185 · #PYQ-0123
Examine constitutionality and limits of delegated legislation.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2018 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 186 · #PYQ-0148
The need for administrative rulemaking requires delegated legislation. Comment.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2016 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Natural justice, bias and hearing (9)
Question 187 · #PYQ-0011
The concept of natural justice has variable content and imposes different procedural norms from case to case. Explain.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 188 · #PYQ-0046
Natural justice principles are not cast in stone and may vary according to the demands of justice. Explain with decided cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2023 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(d). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 189 · #PYQ-0070
Explain audi alteram partem and situations where the principle may be excluded.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2022 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 190 · #PYQ-0081
Explain principles of natural justice using decided cases.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2021 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q3(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 191 · #PYQ-0091
The distinction between quasi-judicial and administrative functions no longer solely determines applicability of natural justice. Critically examine.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2020 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 192 · #PYQ-0101
Audi alteram partem is flexible and adaptable to competing demands of speed and fairness. Discuss with case law.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2019 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 193 · #PYQ-0116
Natural justice is not a uniform formula applicable to every situation. Comment with case law.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2018 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(d). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 194 · #PYQ-0134
Explain audi alteram partem and post-decisional hearing in administrative decisions.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2017 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q2(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Question 195 · #PYQ-0143
The rule against bias addresses factors that improperly influence decisions. Comment.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2016 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Other questions within this topic (1)
Question 196 · #PYQ-0154
Elaborate on the policy-and-guideline theory concerning quasi-judicial authorities.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2016 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q4(c). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper
Public administration and control (2)
Question 197 · #PYQ-0114
Administrative powers and actions need not conflict with the rule of law. Discuss with illustrations.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2018 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(b). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Question 198 · #PYQ-0131
Explain grounds for judicial review of administrative actions.
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2017 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(e). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
Reasonableness and procedural fairness (1)
Question 199 · #PYQ-0061
Explain Wednesbury unreasonableness. Does this principle permit merits review of administrative decisions?
Asked in: UPSC Law Optional · 2022 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A · Q1(e). Language: English (bilingual paper).
Faithful editorial paraphrase · A · Official UPSC paper · Open source paper · page 2
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Question paper sources
The following paper links were inspected or cross-checked. Each card also links to its applicable source.
- UPSC GS II · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), General Studies Paper II (11 occurrences; A · Official UPSC paper)
- UPSC Law Optional · 2026 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A (14 occurrences; A · Official UPSC paper)
- UPSC Law Optional · 2025 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A (14 occurrences; A · Official UPSC paper)
- UPSC Law Optional · 2024 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A (14 occurrences; A · Official UPSC paper)
- Delhi Judicial Service · 2023 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I (15 occurrences; A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary)
- UPSC Law Optional · 2023 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A (14 occurrences; A · Official UPSC paper)
- Delhi Judicial Service · 2022 · General Legal Knowledge and Language, Section I (7 occurrences; A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary)
- MP Civil Judge · 2022 · Civil Judge Junior Division (Entry Level) Main, Constitution, Civil Law & Procedure (3 occurrences; A · Original paper scan, hosted by Drishti Judiciary)
- UPSC Law Optional · 2022 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A (14 occurrences; A · Official UPSC paper)
- UPSC Law Optional · 2021 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A (14 occurrences; A · Official UPSC paper)
- UPSC Law Optional · 2020 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A (14 occurrences; A · Official UPSC paper)
- UPSC Law Optional · 2019 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A (14 occurrences; A · Official UPSC paper)
- UPSC Law Optional · 2018 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A (14 occurrences; A · Official UPSC paper)
- UPSC Law Optional · 2017 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A (14 occurrences; A · Official UPSC paper)
- Rajasthan Judicial Service · 2016 · Law Paper I (1 occurrences; B · Attributed secondary reproduction (original scan not checked))
- UPSC Law Optional · 2016 · Civil Services (Main), Law Optional Paper I, Section A (14 occurrences; A · Official UPSC paper)
- Rajasthan Judicial Service · 2015 · Law Paper I (2 occurrences; B · Attributed secondary reproduction (original scan not checked))
- Rajasthan Judicial Service · 2013 · Law Paper I (6 occurrences; B · Attributed secondary reproduction (original scan not checked))
Coverage register and limitations
This collection contains 199 individually attributable subjective question occurrences and 199 distinct editorial question prompts, from 18 traced examination papers. The verified year span is 2013–2026. UPSC Law Optional Paper I is covered continuously from 2016 through 2026 (Section A). UPSC GS Paper II (2026), Delhi Judicial Service (2022, 2023), Madhya Pradesh Civil Judge (2022) and Rajasthan Judicial Service (2013, 2015, 2016) are included where identifiable subjective constitutional questions were found.
Reliability: A identifies official UPSC PDFs or identifiable reproductions of complete examination papers. B identifies named secondary reproductions where the original scan could not be independently checked. Every card links to its source. All English questions are faithful editorial paraphrases, not claimed verbatim transcripts. The wording and demand of individual prompts are retained, while punctuation and length may differ from the source.
Limitations: Nationwide archives are incomplete and many State/UT judicial service, Higher Judicial Service, APO/APP, JLO and law-officer mains papers remain unexamined. UPSC Law Optional papers before 2016 and other GS years are outside this verified set. This is therefore an extensive, source-led compilation, not a claim to contain every question ever asked in India. Some original PDF hosts may change their addresses. All historical questions reflect the legal context and wording of their examination year.
| Examination | Question occurrences |
|---|---|
| UPSC Law Optional | 154 |
| Delhi Judicial Service | 22 |
| UPSC GS II | 11 |
| Rajasthan Judicial Service | 9 |
| MP Civil Judge | 3 |
Topic distribution within the verified dataset
Counts are calculated from this published inventory only. They do not represent national question-setting frequency.
