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November 4, 2026

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Criminal Law (IPC / BNS) Mains Previous Year Questions (Subjective)

Topic-wise descriptive questions from UPSC Law Optional, UPPSC APO Mains, Uttarakhand HJS and historical Delhi Judicial Service papers. Original statutory references are preserved through source attribution; question wording is labelled as a faithful editorial paraphrase.

131 question occurrences13 topics23 source papers2005–2026

Checked on 4 November 2026 · Questions only · No model answers

Scope and source verification

This collection contains 131 attributable occurrences across 13 topics and 23 distinct paper sources, covering 2005–2026. 108 occurrences are linked to official source PDFs (Tier A); 23 are faithfully paraphrased from an identified historical paper reproduction (Tier B). Question subparts are counted individually where independently posed. Every occurrence appears as a separate card.

Historic Indian Penal Code wording has not been converted silently into BNS section references. The BNS took effect on 1 July 2024, apart from its Section 106(2), under the notified commencement. This bank contains questions only, without explanations or solutions.

A Tier A source means a question is identifiable from the official PDF; Tier B means an attributed reproduction was inspected, not an official original. These entries are editorial paraphrases, not exact quotations. Full factual scenarios should be read in their linked source papers.

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Topic

Examination

Year

Question type

131 question occurrences

General Principles, Mens Rea and Liability

12 question occurrences

CLPYQ0001 · Short answer

Explain mens rea and its treatment within the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.

Mens rea under BNS20255 marksBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025 · Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54) · 6(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0002 · Short answer

Explain the criminal-law principle that an act alone does not make a person guilty unless accompanied by a guilty mind, using cases.

Mens rea202410 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2024 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0003 · Short answer

Explain why criminal liability ordinarily requires a prohibited act together with the requisite mental element.

Actus reus and mens rea202210 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2022 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0004 · Analytical

Examine why the criminal act and guilty mind must coincide to attract liability, using decided cases.

Concurrence of mind and act202015 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2020 · Law Optional Paper II · Q4(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0005 · Short answer

Identify penal offences that may arise without establishing mens rea under the IPC.

Strict liability offences201910 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2019 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0006 · Analytical

Discuss the relevance of mens rea when interpreting penal legislation.

Mens rea interpretation20194 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2019 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 13 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0007 · Analytical

Discuss whether the common-law maxim concerning mens rea operates independently when interpreting the Indian Penal Code.

Mens rea and IPC interpretation201810 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2018 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0008 · Analytical

Can breach of a contract to care for and supply the needs of a helpless person attract criminal punishment? Identify the relevant IPC rule and ingredients.

Breach of duty to helpless person20183 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2018 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 9(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0009 · Problem

A lashes the horses pulling Z's chariot without Z's consent, intending or knowing injury, fright or annoyance may result. What offence has A committed?

Criminal force20182 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2018 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 9(b)(i) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0010 · Problem

A shows his fist intending Z to believe he is about to strike. Identify the offence.

Assault20182 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2018 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 9(b)(ii) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0011 · Analytical

Examine how motive, nature of conduct and blameworthiness affect criminal liability where a statute may not require mens rea.

Mens rea in statutory crimes201610 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2016 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0012 · Analytical

Explain the statutory meaning of public servant with reference to relevant judicial decisions.

Public servant201510 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2015 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · Criminal Q3 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

General Exceptions, Insanity and Private Defence

22 question occurrences

CLPYQ0013 · Analytical

To what extent can a mistake of fact exclude mens rea? Distinguish justification from excuse and discuss whether the defence belongs in strict liability crimes.

Mistake of fact202615 marksBNS/IPC as identified in the original

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2026 · Law Optional Paper II · Q3(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0014 · Problem

A enters B's home to steal. B and family members surround and attack A with sticks. Believing his life is threatened, A fires a pistol and kills B. Evaluate A's criminal liability.

Private defence by house trespasser202510 marksBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025 · Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54) · 1(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0015 · Analytical

Discuss why private defence is valuable but must be exercised reasonably, using examples.

Private defence202515 marksBNS/IPC as identified in the original

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2025 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0016 · Analytical

Examine the defence of intoxication, including impairment of perception and judgment, with reference to leading cases.

Intoxication202415 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2024 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0017 · Short answer

Describe private defence of property, including its scope and limitations.

Private defence of property202310 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2023 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0018 · Short answer

Explain the scope and limits of the right of private defence even though self-protection is recognised by law.

Private defence202210 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2022 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(e) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0019 · Critical comment

Comment on the proposition that the right of private defence cannot be measured with mathematical precision.

Private defence20225 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2022 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 10 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0020 · Short answer

What constitutes legal insanity sufficient to excuse an accused from penal liability?

Legal insanity202110 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2021 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0021 · Analytical

Discuss the burden placed on an accused claiming insanity under the IPC, with relevant decisions.

Insanity202110 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2021 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 9 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0022 · Short answer

Can an offender rely upon intoxication voluntarily induced by alcohol to escape IPC liability?

Voluntary intoxication202010 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2020 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0023 · Critical comment

Assess the proposition that private defence protects innocent persons and cannot be used to exact revenge.

Private defence201910 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2019 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0024 · Analytical

Examine the defence expressed by the proposition that conduct done against one's will is not one's voluntary act.

Acts against one's will201910 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2019 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0025 · Problem

A surgeon honestly advises a patient that recovery is impossible, following which the patient dies from shock. Determine what offence, if any, arises.

Good-faith medical communication20192 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2019 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 14(i) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0026 · Analytical

When may apprehension of death or grievous injury justify causing the attacker's death under the right of private defence?

Private defence extending to death201810 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2018 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(e) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0027 · Short answer

Discuss criminal liability of a person acting while intoxicated under the IPC.

Intoxication20183 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2018 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 9(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0028 · Short answer

Explain the requirements of good faith for the defence of mistake under the IPC General Exceptions.

Mistake of fact201710 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2017 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0029 · Analytical

Distinguish legal from medical insanity. Describe the procedure before the Sessions Court where unsoundness of mind is claimed and the consequent legal steps if Section 84 IPC applies.

Legal and medical insanity201710 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2017 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 7 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0030 · Analytical

Define consent and discuss the situations where consent operates as a lawful defence.

Consent201710 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2017 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 8 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0031 · Analytical

Explain the defence of accident where a lawful act unintentionally causes an unforeseen consequence despite due care.

Accident201615 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2016 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0032 · Analytical

Discuss the right of private defence of person and property with cases.

Private defence201510 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2015 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · Criminal Q4 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0033 · Distinction

Distinguish a mistake of fact from a mistake of law.

Mistake of law and fact2008Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2008 · Criminal Law · 2(iv) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0034 · Short answer

Explain when the right of private defence of body and property extends to causing death.

Private defence of person and property2005Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2005 · Criminal Law · 2(b) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

Abetment, Conspiracy and Joint Liability

23 question occurrences

CLPYQ0035 · Distinction

Define common intention and distinguish it from common object.

Common intention and common object20255 marksBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025 · Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54) · 6(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0036 · Analytical

Explain when an initially peaceful assembly can become an unlawful assembly.

Unlawful assembly20255 marksBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025 · Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54) · 8(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0037 · Analytical

When several offenders act together, under what conditions may they incur joint and individual criminal responsibility?

Joint offenders202515 marksBNS/IPC as identified in the original

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2025 · Law Optional Paper II · Q4(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0038 · Analytical

Assess conspirators' responsibility for acts of other participants in pursuit of their shared criminal plan under the IPC.

Conspiracy202410 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2024 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0039 · Analytical

Discuss how liability for abetment depends on the abettor's intention, not merely on what the person abetted ultimately does.

Abetment202415 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2024 · Law Optional Paper II · Q4(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0040 · Short answer

Illustrate constructive criminality in the law of abetment.

Abetment202310 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2023 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0041 · Distinction

Distinguish Section 34 IPC from Section 149 IPC in relation to the basis of collective criminal responsibility.

Common intention and common object202215 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2022 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0042 · Analytical

Define unlawful assembly and describe when an assembly that began lawfully becomes unlawful, using illustrations.

Unlawful assembly202220 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2022 · Law Optional Paper II · Q3(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0043 · Distinction

Explain how conspiracy is punished and distinguish conspiracy from abetment.

Conspiracy and abetment20215 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2021 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 10 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0044 · Problem

A instigates B, a person below 18 years, to commit suicide. Determine the offence committed by A.

Instigation of minor suicide20215 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2021 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 11 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0045 · Problem

A and B break a shop window at night to steal. The servant awakens; A stabs him while fleeing, and the servant dies next day after delayed treatment. Determine B's criminal liability.

Common intention and homicide202110 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2021 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 8 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0046 · Distinction

Compare constructive liability under Sections 34 and 149 IPC and explain their differences.

Section 34 versus Section 149202015 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2020 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0047 · Short note

Write a short note on the principle of common intention.

Common intention20193 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2019 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 11(i) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0048 · Short note

Write a short note on criminal conspiracy.

Criminal conspiracy20193 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2019 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 11(ii) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0049 · Analytical

Discuss the rationale and operation of Section 34 IPC where the individual contributions of participants cannot readily be separated.

Common intention201715 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2017 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0050 · Analytical

Explain the rationale for criminalising a conspiracy before the anticipated wrongful act has been completed.

Criminal conspiracy201615 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2016 · Law Optional Paper II · Q4(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0051 · Problem

X stabs a victim in the heart; Y strikes the head with a stick; their father Z remains nearby to protect his sons. Assess the criminal liability of X, Y and Z for the victim's murder.

Joint liability for murder201510 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2015 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · Criminal Q1 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0052 · Analytical

Examine the overlap, if any, among abetment, conspiracy and common intention.

Abetment, conspiracy, intention2010Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2010 · Criminal Law · Part B Q5 · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0053 · Distinction

Distinguish common intention from common object.

Intention versus object2008Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2008 · Criminal Law · 2(v) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0054 · Distinction

Distinguish abetment from criminal conspiracy.

Abetment versus conspiracy2008Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2008 · Criminal Law · 2(vi) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0055 · Short answer

Define an abettor and explain the extent of an abettor's liability.

Abetment2005Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2005 · Criminal Law · 3(b) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0056 · Problem

Four persons enter the victim's room armed with sticks; one instigates the attack and an intervening servant is hurt. One participant is not alleged to have struck anyone. Analyse the issue of liability under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC.

Section 34 joint liability2005Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2005 · Criminal Law · 6(a) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0057 · Distinction

Distinguish constructive liability under Section 34 from liability under Section 149 IPC.

Common intention and object2005Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2005 · Criminal Law · 6(b) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

Attempt and Stages of Crime

4 question occurrences

CLPYQ0058 · Analytical

Is attempt defined in the IPC? Explain the tests used to distinguish preparation from an attempt, referring to cases.

Preparation and attempt202120 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2021 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0059 · Analytical

Discuss why preparation for an offence may escape punishment whereas an attempt to commit the offence may be punishable.

Attempt versus preparation20194 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2019 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 12 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0060 · Analytical

Explain the proximity requirement that distinguishes criminal attempt from preparatory acts, with cases.

Attempt201715 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2017 · Law Optional Paper II · Q4(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0061 · Problem

Analyse attempted murder where A shoots but misses, and where A fires at B believing him asleep although B had died earlier.

Attempt to murder2006Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2006 · Criminal Law · 2(b) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

Culpable Homicide, Murder and Negligent Death

22 question occurrences

CLPYQ0062 · Essay

How does penal law distinguish planned killing from homicide arising in a sudden fight? Discuss the relevant statutory rules.

Sudden fight exception202620 marksBNS/IPC as identified in the original

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2026 · Law Optional Paper II · Q3(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0063 · Problem

A fires at a bird intending to kill and steal it but accidentally kills a person hidden behind a bush, whom A did not know was present. Determine the offence.

Mistaken identity and homicide202510 marksBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025 · Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54) · 1(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0064 · Problem

A tries to pick B's pocket; a pistol inside the pocket accidentally discharges and B dies. Discuss A's criminal liability.

Death during attempted pickpocketing20256 marksBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025 · Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54) · 2(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0065 · Essay

Discuss the BNS doctrine of grave and sudden provocation and its impact on culpability for murder, with reference to cases.

Grave and sudden provocation202510 marksBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025 · Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54) · 6(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0066 · Distinction

Explain the concept of homicide, distinguishing culpable homicide amounting to murder from culpable homicide not amounting to murder.

Culpable homicide and murder202520 marksBNS/IPC as identified in the original

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2025 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0067 · Short answer

How does the gravity of rashness or negligence affect liability for causing death under Section 304A IPC?

Death caused by negligence202410 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2024 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0068 · Short answer

Discuss the operation of transferred malice within IPC provisions on culpable homicide.

Transferred malice202310 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2023 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0069 · Short note

Write a brief note on transferred malice in penal law.

Transferred malice20222 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2022 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 13(d) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0070 · Analytical

Explain why murder is a species of culpable homicide but not every culpable homicide amounts to murder, with cases.

Culpable homicide and murder202210 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2022 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 8 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0071 · Short answer

Discuss grave and sudden provocation as a defence to a charge of murder under the IPC.

Grave and sudden provocation202110 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2021 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0072 · Analytical

Examine how Section 300 IPC covers different mental states and the extent to which awareness of the likelihood of death is required.

Definition of murder202020 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2020 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0073 · Distinction

Distinguish hurt from culpable homicide and murder, considering their overlapping ingredients.

Hurt, homicide and murder201920 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2019 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0074 · Problem

A strikes Z intending permanent facial disfigurement. The face is not permanently disfigured, but Z suffers severe bodily pain for twenty days. Identify the offence.

Grievous hurt and disfigurement20192 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2019 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 14(ii) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0075 · Distinction

Explain the fine distinction between culpable homicide amounting to murder and culpable homicide not amounting to murder.

Culpable homicide and murder201910 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2019 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 7 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0076 · Analytical

Explain the application of Section 300's fourth clause where the offender's awareness of the probability of death approaches practical certainty.

Murder: Section 300 fourth clause201820 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2018 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0077 · Distinction

Examine the distinction between culpable homicide and murder in relation to differing probabilities of death.

Murder and culpable homicide201720 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2017 · Law Optional Paper II · Q3(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0078 · Analytical

Discuss the exception to murder where homicide results from an unpremeditated sudden fight in the heat of passion.

Sudden fight exception201615 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2016 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0079 · Judgment writing

A woman is set alight after a visitor pours kerosene on her. She makes two statements identifying the assailant before dying; her child witnesses part of the incident. Assess the homicide case using the conflicting prosecution and defence accounts, and draft a judgment.

Homicide through burning2010Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2010 · Criminal Law · Part A Q1 · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0080 · Judgment writing

A murder conviction rests on an extra-judicial confession and recovery of blood-stained articles in a bus. Assess the parties' competing positions and write a judgment.

Murder and circumstantial evidence2010Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2010 · Criminal Law · Part A Q2 · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0081 · Problem

Four intoxicated young men drive at speed through a police stop, killing two police officers. Afterwards they remove a body and repair and repaint the car. Assess liability under the homicide, negligence and evidence-concealment provisions of the IPC.

Drunken driving and homicide2008Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2008 · Criminal Law · 1(B) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0082 · Judgment writing

Two brothers quarrel over family partition. One attacks with a gandasa; the other wrests it away and delivers a fatal blow. Identify the relevant charge and write a reasoned judgment.

Sudden fight and private defence2007Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2007 · Criminal Law · 8 · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0083 · Problem

After a driver kills four persons through rash driving, distinguish the factors relevant to Section 304 IPC and Section 304A IPC.

Rash driving and homicide2006Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2006 · Criminal Law · 3(b) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

Sexual Offences, Women and Children

12 question occurrences

CLPYQ0084 · Problem

A 25-year-old promises an 18-year-old that he will marry her if she agrees to intercourse. She initially resists, then agrees after repeated assurances. Fifteen days later he says by text that he will instead marry an NRI for career reasons. Determine the offence, if any, and discuss the BNS treatment of sexual acts induced by promises of marriage.

Sexual intercourse on promise of marriage202620 marksBNS/IPC as identified in the original

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2026 · Law Optional Paper II · Q4(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0085 · Problem

A 20-year-old student returning from college is restrained by a man, dragged into bushes, killed by a cut to her throat and then sexually assaulted after death. Identify the offences, if any, under the law governing the incident, with statutory support.

Sexual offences and homicide202320 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2023 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0086 · Distinction

Compare assault or criminal force intended to outrage a woman's modesty with sexual harassment under the IPC.

Outraging modesty and sexual harassment202320 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2023 · Law Optional Paper II · Q3(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0087 · Analytical

Assess the effectiveness of IPC Sections 326A and 326B relating to acid attacks and the Supreme Court's additional directions in the Laxmi litigation.

Acid attacks202210 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2022 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0088 · Analytical

Consider whether consent to sexual intercourse procured through a false promise of marriage excludes criminal liability for rape.

Consent and rape202215 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2022 · Law Optional Paper II · Q3(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0089 · Essay

Trace the development of Indian rape law from the Mathura case through the Nirbhaya reforms and later changes.

Development of rape laws202120 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2021 · Law Optional Paper II · Q3(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0090 · Problem

Would a woman who watches or records another woman engaged in a private act commit voyeurism under the IPC? Discuss.

Voyeurism202010 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2020 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0091 · Problem

A group jointly plans a rape; some participate physically, some assist, and one woman supplies facilities. Analyse the criminal liability of participants, non-participants and the woman under the common-intention rule.

Gang rape and common intention201815 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2018 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0092 · Analytical

Identify and discuss the forms of conduct that were criminalised to protect women's modesty by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013.

Offences against women201715 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2017 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0093 · Short answer

Define voyeurism and state its punishment under the IPC.

Voyeurism20175 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2017 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 5 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0094 · Judgment writing

A schoolgirl aged 15 is reported missing and later recovered. Her statements and medical observations conflict. Consider the case under IPC Sections 363 and 376, and draft a reasoned judgment.

Kidnapping and rape of minor2010Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2010 · Criminal Law · Part A Q3 · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0095 · Problem

A 19-year-old persuades a 15-year-old to leave home by promising marriage and has sexual intercourse with her. Examine the offences where intercourse is consensual or non-consensual, where marriage is refused, and where the girl is instead 20 years old.

Sexual intercourse and minor2007Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2007 · Criminal Law · 7(a) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

Kidnapping and Abduction

5 question occurrences

CLPYQ0096 · Problem

A 13-year-old girl becomes separated from her maternal uncle at a crowded fair. A stranger takes her home intending marriage with his son. Assess whether kidnapping is established.

Kidnapping from lawful guardianship20256 marksBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025 · Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54) · 2(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0097 · Distinction

Explain the distinction between kidnapping as a substantive offence and abduction becoming punishable when accompanied by a prohibited purpose.

Kidnapping and abduction202415 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2024 · Law Optional Paper II · Q4(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0098 · Distinction

Distinguish kidnapping from abduction, riot from affray, and criminal breach of trust from dishonest misappropriation.

Criminal-law distinctions202115 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2021 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0099 · Distinction

Distinguish kidnapping from abduction.

Kidnapping versus abduction2008Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2008 · Criminal Law · 2(ii) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0100 · Problem

A 15-year-old girl leaves home to avoid a forced marriage and goes to a 20-year-old whom she loves; he takes her to Bengaluru. Present arguments for and against kidnapping liability.

Kidnapping and consent2007Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2007 · Criminal Law · 7(b) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

Theft, Robbery, Dacoity and Property Offences

10 question occurrences

CLPYQ0101 · Analytical

Assess the proposition that theft protects possession rather than ownership, and discuss changes made to theft law by the BNS, 2023.

Theft and possession202615 marksBNS/IPC as identified in the original

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2026 · Law Optional Paper II · Q4(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0102 · Analytical

Analyse dacoity as an aggravated property offence and explain its relationship with theft and robbery, referring to relevant statutory rules and cases.

Dacoity202520 marksBNS/IPC as identified in the original

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2025 · Law Optional Paper II · Q4(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0103 · Distinction

Explain the role of dishonest intention in theft and distinguish theft from dishonest misappropriation of property.

Theft and misappropriation202320 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2023 · Law Optional Paper II · Q4(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0104 · Analytical

Explain why the ingredients of theft or extortion are necessary for robbery or dacoity.

Robbery and dacoity202020 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2020 · Law Optional Paper II · Q4(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0105 · Problem

A opens another person's box to steal jewels, finds it empty, and places inside it a currency note previously stolen from a third person. Determine the offences committed.

Attempted theft and stolen property201920 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2019 · Law Optional Paper II · Q3(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0106 · Short note

Write a short note on theft.

Theft20193 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2019 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 11(iii) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0107 · Problem

Six persons attempt a bank dacoity but flee when police intervene; one kills a person obstructing escape. Analyse collective liability with reference to IPC Sections 391 and 396.

Dacoity with murder201815 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2018 · Law Optional Paper II · Q3(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0108 · Short answer

Explain the relationship of robbery to theft and extortion.

Robbery201710 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2017 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0109 · Distinction

Distinguish robbery from dacoity.

Robbery versus dacoity2008Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2008 · Criminal Law · 2(iii) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0110 · Problem

Four persons plan and execute an armed bank robbery. During escape B seriously wounds a guard; C shoots his own enemy at a bus stop. Determine the offences attributable to each accused.

Robbery and joint offenders2005Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2005 · Criminal Law · 2(a) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

Dishonesty, Trust, Cheating and Forgery

6 question occurrences

CLPYQ0111 · Short answer

Define criminal breach of trust and identify its essential ingredients.

Criminal breach of trust20255 marksBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025 · Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54) · 8(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0112 · Distinction

Compare theft, dishonest misappropriation and criminal breach of trust through the way possession of another's property is acquired.

Offences against property202420 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2024 · Law Optional Paper II · Q3(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0113 · Distinction

Distinguish cheating from forgery.

Cheating versus forgery20225 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2022 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 11 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0114 · Distinction

Distinguish criminal breach of trust from criminal misappropriation.

Trust and misappropriation20175 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2017 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 9(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0115 · Distinction

Distinguish dishonest misappropriation from criminal breach of trust.

Misappropriation versus breach of trust2008Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2008 · Criminal Law · 2(i) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0116 · Drafting

A stolen scooter is recovered from B following A's disclosure. Frame appropriate charges and discuss whether Section 34 IPC applies to possession of the property.

Stolen property and common intention2006Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2006 · Criminal Law · 4(a) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

Offences Against State, Reputation and Public Order

6 question occurrences

CLPYQ0117 · Comparative

Compare the IPC offence of sedition with the BNS provision concerning acts endangering the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India. What changed?

Sedition and national security202610 marksBNS/IPC as identified in the original

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2026 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(e) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0118 · Critical comment

Examine whether the law of defamation gives excessive protection to reputation at the cost of freedom of speech.

Defamation202520 marksBNS/IPC as identified in the original

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2025 · Law Optional Paper II · Q3(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0119 · Problem

A landholder knows that murder occurred on his estate but wilfully reports to the Magistrate that the victim died after a snakebite. Determine the offence.

False information about offence20192 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2019 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 14(iii) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0120 · Short answer

What constitutes disobedience to an order duly promulgated by a public servant, and how is it punishable?

Disobedience to public servant's order20185 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2018 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 6(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0121 · Problem

A is legally bound by a District Judge's summons to attend as a witness but intentionally fails to appear. What offence has A committed?

Non-appearance despite court summons20182 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2018 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 6(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0122 · Critical comment

Critically discuss whether Section 124A IPC is compatible with freedom of speech and the constitutional limits on restrictions.

Sedition201620 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2016 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

Punishment, Sentencing and Penal Reform

4 question occurrences

CLPYQ0123 · Short answer

How can community service as a penal sanction be used to address problems within a local community?

Community service202610 marksBNS/IPC as identified in the original

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2026 · Law Optional Paper II · Q1(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0124 · Essay

Trace Indian criminal law concerning attempted suicide and discuss the effect of the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017.

Attempt to suicide202220 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2022 · Law Optional Paper II · Q4(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0125 · Critical comment

Examine the propriety of judicial directions converting a death sentence into life imprisonment with a minimum actual period of custody.

Capital punishment202020 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2020 · Law Optional Paper II · Q3(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0126 · Analytical

Explain cumulative punishment, giving examples and discussing the interaction of IPC punishment rules with CrPC provisions.

Cumulative punishments201810 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2018 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 5 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

Marriage, Dowry and Domestic Cruelty

4 question occurrences

CLPYQ0127 · Essay

Critically examine principal offences against marriage in Indian criminal law with support from judicial decisions.

Offences relating to marriage202515 marksBNS/IPC as identified in the original

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2025 · Law Optional Paper II · Q3(c) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0128 · Short answer

Discuss the meaning and practical assessment of the expression soon before in IPC Section 304B.

Dowry death20225 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2022 · Direct Recruitment Paper 2 · 9 · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0129 · Analytical

Evaluate the effect of recent judicial decisions on the operation of Section 498A IPC.

Domestic cruelty201915 marksIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional · 2019 · Law Optional Paper II · Q2(b) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

CLPYQ0130 · Problem

A husband is tried under IPC Sections 304B and 201 following his wife's death by extensive burns. The paper sets out dowry complaints, suspected extramarital relations, an open kerosene can, burns to the husband, delay in hospitalisation and the deceased's statement. Determine liability on the stated circumstances.

Dowry death and circumstantial proof2008Marks not verifiedIndian Penal Code, 1860 (historical question)

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2008 · Criminal Law · 1(A) · B: Attributed secondary transcription · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

New BNS Offences and Legislative Changes

1 question occurrences

CLPYQ0131 · Short answer

Explain organised crime, terrorist act and snatching as criminal-law concepts.

Organised crime, terrorism and snatching202510 marksBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025 · Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54) · 8(a) · A: Official PDF · Faithful editorial paraphrase. Open source paper

Original examination papers and archive links

UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional, 2026 (6 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains, 2025 (10 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional, 2025 (6 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional, 2024 (7 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional, 2023 (6 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional, 2022 (7 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains, 2022 (5 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional, 2021 (5 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains, 2021 (4 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional, 2020 (7 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional, 2019 (6 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains, 2019 (9 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional, 2018 (5 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains, 2018 (7 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional, 2017 (6 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains, 2017 (4 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
UPSC Civil Services Mains: Law Optional, 2016 (5 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
Uttarakhand Higher Judicial Service Mains, 2015 (3 relevant questions) · A: Official PDF
Delhi Judicial Service Mains, 2010 (4 relevant questions) · B: Attributed secondary transcription
Delhi Judicial Service Mains, 2008 (8 relevant questions) · B: Attributed secondary transcription
Delhi Judicial Service Mains, 2007 (3 relevant questions) · B: Attributed secondary transcription
Delhi Judicial Service Mains, 2006 (3 relevant questions) · B: Attributed secondary transcription
Delhi Judicial Service Mains, 2005 (5 relevant questions) · B: Attributed secondary transcription

Coverage audit and limitations

Coverage: 108 official-source occurrences, 23 attributed-secondary occurrences. Official sources: UPSC Law Optional Paper II (2016–2026), UPPSC APO 2025 and Uttarakhand HJS 2015–2022 (selected cycles). Secondary sources: Delhi Judicial Service 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010.

Gaps: This is a verified partial compilation, not every question ever asked nationwide. Recent state Civil Judge, HJS, prosecutor and law-officer papers from many states were not completely retrievable or inspected. Excluded were prelims MCQs, procedure-only questions and uncorroborated coaching claims. No BNS reference has been inserted into historical question wording as a substitute for the original IPC framework.