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Criminal Procedure BNSS & CrPC Mains PYQs | LawFoyer
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Criminal Procedure Law (BNSS / CrPC): Mains Previous Year Questions (Subjective)

101 attributable subjective question occurrences from 11 judicial-service, higher-judiciary and prosecution papers, spanning 2018–2025 and nine jurisdictions. Questions retain their historical CrPC or BNSS context. Wording is presented as labelled editorial paraphrases, with links to original or attributable published papers. This is a research-limited compilation, not an exhaustive census of every Indian examination.

101Attributable occurrences
11Source papers
9Jurisdictions
2018–2025Source years

Checked: 14 November 2026 · No model answers or solutions · All prompts are labelled editorial paraphrases

About this compilation

Research checked on 14 November 2026. This publication contains 101 individually attributed subjective occurrences from 11 located papers across 9 jurisdictions. Each entry identifies the examination, year, paper, available question number, source evidence grade and legislative context.

Question text is a faithful editorial paraphrase, not a verbatim transcription or independent translation. Inspect the linked paper for the original fact pattern, exact option wording and language. Multiple options are retained as distinct attributed prompts.

Historic CrPC questions remain under the statute used by the examining authority. BNSS questions are identified separately. An attributable reproduction is not presented as an official question-paper PDF. This is a partial, evidence-led nationwide compilation; it does not represent exhaustive coverage of all states, years or authorities.

Find a previous-year question

101 of 101 attributed questions

FIR and Information to Police

6 question occurrences

FIR purpose

CPYQ-010 · Short note

Discuss the meaning, purpose, utility and significance of the first information report.

FIR purpose2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q9(a); 8 marks; page 4.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade A (Official authority PDF)

Faithful editorial paraphrase. Source language: Hindi / English. Verify complete wording, choices and factual particulars against the linked paper.

Cognizable offences

CPYQ-011 · Distinction

Distinguish between cognizable and non-cognizable offences.

Cognizable offences2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q9(b); 6 marks; page 4.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade A (Official authority PDF)

Faithful editorial paraphrase. Source language: Hindi / English. Verify complete wording, choices and factual particulars against the linked paper.

CPYQ-027 · Short answer

Define a cognizable offence.

Cognizable offences2021CrPC 1973

Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q1(a); 3 marks; page 7.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade B (Attributable secondary reproduction / published transcript)

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Cognizable / non-cognizable

CPYQ-013 · Short note / option

Define cognizable and non-cognizable offences under CrPC 1973, including their effect on police powers of arrest and investigation.

Cognizable / non-cognizable2025CrPC 1973

Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q9(a) option; 3 marks; page Part C.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade B (Attributable secondary reproduction / published transcript)

Faithful editorial paraphrase. Source language: English. Verify complete wording, choices and factual particulars against the linked paper.

FIR for witness intimidation

CPYQ-041 · Analytical

Can the police register an FIR concerning the offence under Section 195A IPC? Analyse.

FIR for witness intimidation2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Madhya Pradesh District Judge (Entry Level) Mains · 2023; Third Question Paper: Local Laws, Criminal Law and Procedure; Third Paper Q6; 5 marks; page 9.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade B (Attributable secondary reproduction / published transcript)

Faithful editorial paraphrase. Source language: Hindi / English. Verify complete wording, choices and factual particulars against the linked paper.

Evidentiary value of FIR

CPYQ-047 · Short answer / option

Explain the evidentiary value of an FIR.

Evidentiary value of FIR2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q1(D)(iv); page Part A.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade B (Attributable secondary reproduction / published transcript)

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Investigation and Police Reports

14 question occurrences

Investigation stages

CPYQ-003 · Short answer

What is criminal investigation? Describe its various stages.

Investigation stages2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q3(c); 5 marks; page 3.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade A (Official authority PDF)

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Recording confessions

CPYQ-016 · Short note / option

Explain the procedure for recording confessions and statements under Section 164 CrPC.

Recording confessions2025CrPC 1973

Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q9(d) option; 3 marks; page Part C.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade B (Attributable secondary reproduction / published transcript)

Faithful editorial paraphrase. Source language: English. Verify complete wording, choices and factual particulars against the linked paper.

Investigation of cognizable case

CPYQ-028 · Short answer

Set out the procedure governing police investigation of cognizable cases.

Investigation of cognizable case2021CrPC 1973

Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q1(b); 7 marks; page 7.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade B (Attributable secondary reproduction / published transcript)

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Charge-sheet disclosure

CPYQ-040 · Analytical

Is the charge-sheet a public document, and is the accused entitled to copies of every accompanying document? Explain with provisions and cases.

Charge-sheet disclosure2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Madhya Pradesh District Judge (Entry Level) Mains · 2023; Third Question Paper: Local Laws, Criminal Law and Procedure; Third Paper Q5; 5 marks; page 9.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade B (Attributable secondary reproduction / published transcript)

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Magistrate-directed investigation

CPYQ-050 · Analytical

Describe Supreme Court safeguards governing a Magistrate’s direction for investigation under Section 156(3) CrPC.

Magistrate-directed investigation2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q4(B); 10 marks; page Part B.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade B (Attributable secondary reproduction / published transcript)

Faithful editorial paraphrase. Source language: English. Verify complete wording, choices and factual particulars against the linked paper.

Overseas witness examination

CPYQ-057 · Problem / case study

A Delhi murder investigation requires evidence from a Japanese citizen living in Japan. What is the procedure for recording that witness’s evidence?

Overseas witness examination2024CrPC 1973 (explicit in some questions)

Asked in: Rajasthan Civil Judge Mains · 2024; Law Paper II: Criminal Law; Q13; 4 marks; page Law Paper II.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade B (Attributable secondary reproduction / published transcript)

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Further investigation

CPYQ-060 · Analytical

After filing the police report, what authority remains under Section 173(8) CrPC, and can the Magistrate order de novo or fresh investigation?

Further investigation2018CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q6(a); 5 marks; page Printed p.7.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade A (Official authority PDF)

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Unknown body identification

CPYQ-075 · Problem / case study

In a murder inquiry involving an unidentified body, exhumation and photographic superimposition are used. Examine identification reliability and whether DNA evidence is treated differently.

Unknown body identification2019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q3; 15 marks; page Printed p.7.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade A (Official authority PDF)

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Voice samples

CPYQ-081 · Problem / case study

Investigators request a suspect’s voice sample to compare with a seized telephone recording in a recruitment-fraud case. Evaluate the Magistrate’s authority to order collection.

Voice samples2019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q10; 10 marks; page Printed p.9.

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Inquest report

CPYQ-083 · Short note / option

State the purpose and evidentiary value of an inquest report.

Inquest report2019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q12(a) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.9.

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Confession under Section 164

CPYQ-087 · Short note / option

May an accused ask a Magistrate to record a voluntary confession under Section 164 CrPC?

Confession under Section 1642019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q12(e) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.9.

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Seizure of immovable property

CPYQ-089 · Short note / option

Can the police invoke Section 102 CrPC to seize or attach immovable property?

Seizure of immovable property2019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q12(h) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.9.

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Judicial control of investigation

CPYQ-094 · Short note / option

When may a Magistrate or Sessions Court order further investigation, fresh investigation, or reinvestigation?

Judicial control of investigation2024CrPC-era / BNSS-era; verify paper phrasing

Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 1 Q6; 10 marks; page Law III p.2.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade B (Attributable secondary reproduction / published transcript)

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Test identification parade

CPYQ-101 · Composite short answers

Consider whether a test identification parade is compulsory, the consequences of a delayed parade, the holding of a joint parade for two accused persons, and whether an accused has the right to demand a test identification parade.

Test identification parade2018CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q3(b); 10 marks; page Printed p.6.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade A (Official authority PDF)

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Arrest, Bail and Bonds

14 question occurrences

Discretionary bail

CPYQ-007 · Essay

Explain why bail in a non-bailable offence is not automatically claimable as a right, referring to provisions and judgments.

Discretionary bail2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q5(b); 10 marks; page 3.

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BNSS bail provisions

CPYQ-012 · Short note

Discuss the provisions relating to bail in the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.

BNSS bail provisions2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q9(c); 6 marks; page 4.

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Anticipatory bail

CPYQ-017 · Short answer

Discuss anticipatory bail under Section 438 CrPC, the conditions governing its grant, and relevant case law.

Anticipatory bail2025CrPC 1973

Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q10; 4 marks; page Part C.

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Rights upon arrest

CPYQ-020 · Short note / option

State the rights of a person who has been arrested.

Rights upon arrest2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q12(a) option; 2.5 marks; page Part D.

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Bond instead of arrest

CPYQ-022 · Short note / option

Identify circumstances where a person may be released on bond rather than being arrested.

Bond instead of arrest2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q12(c) option; 2.5 marks; page Part D.

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Drafting bail application

CPYQ-043 · Drafting

Draft a bail application for an accused arrested and imprisoned in connection with an allegation under Section 302 IPC.

Drafting bail application2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q1(A); 10 marks; page Part A.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade B (Attributable secondary reproduction / published transcript)

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Bail after absconding

CPYQ-051 · Problem / case study

An accused in a bailable case is released but later absconds; following execution of non-bailable warrants, can the court refuse renewed bail under Section 436(1) CrPC?

Bail after absconding2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q4(C); 10 marks; page Part B.

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Arrest procedure

CPYQ-054 · Short answer

Briefly describe how arrest is carried out and the duties of the arresting officer.

Arrest procedure2024CrPC 1973 (explicit in some questions)

Asked in: Rajasthan Civil Judge Mains · 2024; Law Paper II: Criminal Law; Q3; 3 marks; page Law Paper II.

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Access to counsel

CPYQ-061 · Short answer

Can an arrestee demand the presence of an advocate during police questioning?

Access to counsel2018CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q6(b); 5 marks; page Printed p.7.

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Default bail

CPYQ-065 · Problem / case study

The police file a murder report within the prescribed period, but the Magistrate returns it over an investigator-rank defect. Can the detained accused claim default bail under Section 167(2) CrPC?

Default bail2018CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q10; 10 marks; page Printed p.7.

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Anticipatory versus ordinary bail

CPYQ-066 · Distinction / option

Distinguish an order granting anticipatory bail from ordinary bail.

Anticipatory versus ordinary bail2018CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q9(d) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.7.

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Sentence suspension versus bail

CPYQ-067 · Distinction / option

Distinguish bail from suspension of a sentence.

Sentence suspension versus bail2018CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q9(b) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.7.

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Victim participation in bail

CPYQ-084 · Short note / option

Describe the complainant or victim’s right to oppose bail in sexual-offence prosecutions.

Victim participation in bail2019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q12(b) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.9.

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Cancellation of bail

CPYQ-086 · Short note / option

State the legal grounds on which bail may be cancelled.

Cancellation of bail2019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q12(d) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.9.

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Summons, Warrants and Proclamation

3 question occurrences

Service of summons

CPYQ-023 · Short note / option

Summarise the rules for service of summons under the BNSS, 2023.

Service of summons2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q12(d) option; 2.5 marks; page Part D.

Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade B (Attributable secondary reproduction / published transcript)

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Proclamation of offenders

CPYQ-031 · Short answer

State the circumstances and procedure for publishing a proclamation against an offender.

Proclamation of offenders2021CrPC 1973

Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q3(a); 6 marks; page 7.

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Attachment of property

CPYQ-032 · Short answer

Discuss attachment of property belonging to a proclaimed offender.

Attachment of property2021CrPC 1973

Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q3(b); 4 marks; page 7.

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Cognizance, Complaints and Prosecution

12 question occurrences

Private complaints

CPYQ-004 · Essay

Define a complaint, identify its essential elements, and describe the Magistrate’s procedure after receiving it.

Private complaints2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q4(a); 10 marks; page 3.

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Committal to Sessions

CPYQ-014 · Short note / option

What powers and duties does the Magistrate exercise under Chapter XVI of CrPC where the matter is exclusively Sessions-triable?

Committal to Sessions2025CrPC 1973

Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q9(b) option; 3 marks; page Part C.

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Magistrate complaint procedure

CPYQ-021 · Short note / option

What is a complaint, and what procedure must a Magistrate follow after receiving one under BNSS 2023?

Magistrate complaint procedure2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q12(b) option; 2.5 marks; page Part D.

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Limitation for cognizance

CPYQ-036 · Short note / option

Write a short note on limitation periods for taking cognizance of offences.

Limitation for cognizance2021CrPC 1973

Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q6(a) option; page 7.

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Tender of pardon

CPYQ-037 · Short note / option

Write a short note on tender of pardon to an accomplice.

Tender of pardon2021CrPC 1973

Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q6(b) option; page 7.

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Role of public prosecutor

CPYQ-069 · Essay

Explain the role of a Public Prosecutor during trial and the conditions for withdrawing a prosecution.

Role of public prosecutor2018CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q14(a); 10 marks; page Printed p.8.

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Prosecutor withdrawal

CPYQ-070 · Problem / case study

A prosecutor seeks withdrawal based solely on a government no-objection notification. Is that adequate?

Prosecutor withdrawal2018CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q14(b); 5 marks; page Printed p.8.

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Conflicting witness accounts

CPYQ-077 · Problem / case study

A rape complainant supports allegations under Section 161 CrPC, retracts them under Section 164, then supports them in another Section 161 statement. Can cognizance follow?

Conflicting witness accounts2019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q6; 10 marks; page Printed p.8.

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Sanction and additional accused

CPYQ-078 · Problem / case study

After cognizance against two public servants, evidence implicates a third. Assess Section 319 CrPC alongside the need for sanction under Section 197.

Sanction and additional accused2019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q7; 10 marks; page Printed p.8.

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Protest petition

CPYQ-085 · Short note / option

Explain how a court deals with a protest petition against a closure report.

Protest petition2019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q12(c) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.9.

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New charge-sheet and sanction

CPYQ-091 · Short note / option

Can police submit a new charge-sheet after receiving prosecution sanction where a public servant was earlier discharged for lack of sanction?

New charge-sheet and sanction2024CrPC-era / BNSS-era; verify paper phrasing

Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 1 Q2; 10 marks; page Law III p.1.

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Special Judge closure report

CPYQ-095 · Short answer / option

What authority does a Special Judge possess on receiving a police closure report concerning a Prevention of Corruption Act case?

Special Judge closure report2024CrPC-era / BNSS-era; verify paper phrasing

Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 2 Q8; 20 marks; page Law III p.2.

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Criminal Courts and Territorial Jurisdiction

4 question occurrences

Classes of courts

CPYQ-008 · Essay

List the classes of criminal courts, and discuss the Court of Session and sentences it can impose.

Classes of courts2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q7(a); 10 marks; page 4.

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Extortion across jurisdictions

CPYQ-045 · Problem / case study

An extortion victim is threatened within Court X’s jurisdiction and delivers property within Court Y’s jurisdiction. Which court may try the offence?

Extortion across jurisdictions2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q1(C)(i); 5 marks; page Part A.

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Cheating across jurisdictions

CPYQ-046 · Problem / case study

A makes false representations to C at X; C delivers property to B, A’s abettor, at Y. Where may A and B be jointly tried?

Cheating across jurisdictions2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q1(C)(ii); 5 marks; page Part A.

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Extra-territorial offences

CPYQ-048 · Problem / case study

An Indian participates in Australia in a marriage ceremony forbidden by Indian child-marriage legislation, then returns to India. Can an Indian court try the person?

Extra-territorial offences2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q3(A); 10 marks; page Part B.

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Trials, Charges and Plea Bargaining

29 question occurrences

Warrant trial

CPYQ-002 · Short answer

Describe the procedure and successive stages of a warrant-case trial initiated upon a police report.

Warrant trial2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q3(b); 5 marks; page 3.

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Joinder of charges

CPYQ-006 · Essay

Define a charge and explain the statutory provisions allowing multiple charges to be tried together.

Joinder of charges2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q5(a); 10 marks; page 3.

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Summary trials

CPYQ-009 · Essay

What is a summary trial, what procedure governs it, and how does the complainant’s absence affect the trial?

Summary trials2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q7(b); 10 marks; page 4.

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Compounding

CPYQ-015 · Short note / option

Explain compounding of offences under Section 320 of the CrPC, 1973.

Compounding2025CrPC 1973

Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q9(c) option; 3 marks; page Part C.

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CPYQ-038 · Short note / option

Write a short note on the compounding of offences.

Compounding2021CrPC 1973

Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q6(c) option; page 7.

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Warrant trials

CPYQ-024 · Essay

Explain stages and procedure of a warrant-case trial instituted on a police report under BNSS 2023.

Warrant trials2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q13; 5 marks; page Part D.

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Contents of charges

CPYQ-029 · Short answer

What particulars must a criminal charge contain?

Contents of charges2021CrPC 1973

Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q2(a); 3 marks; page 7.

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Separate charges and exceptions

CPYQ-030 · Short answer

Explain the rule requiring separate charges for distinct offences and identify exceptions to that rule.

Separate charges and exceptions2021CrPC 1973

Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q2(b); 7 marks; page 7.

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Double jeopardy

CPYQ-033 · Analytical

Discuss the prohibition on repeated trial for the same offence with reference to the Code.

Double jeopardy2021CrPC 1973

Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q4(a); 3 marks; page 7.

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Double jeopardy problem

CPYQ-034 · Problem / case study

A, B and C are convicted by a First Class Magistrate of robbing D. May they face another trial based on the same facts? Give reasons.

Double jeopardy problem2021CrPC 1973

Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q4(b); 7 marks; page 7.

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Vitiating irregularities

CPYQ-039 · Short answer

Identify any five procedural irregularities which invalidate criminal proceedings.

Vitiating irregularities2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Madhya Pradesh District Judge (Entry Level) Mains · 2023; Third Question Paper: Local Laws, Criminal Law and Procedure; Third Paper Q4; 5 marks; page 9.

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Alteration of charge

CPYQ-042 · Analytical

When may a court add a new charge at the judgment stage and proceed immediately to pronounce judgment?

Alteration of charge2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Madhya Pradesh District Judge (Entry Level) Mains · 2023; Third Question Paper: Local Laws, Criminal Law and Procedure; Third Paper Q7; 5 marks; page 9.

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Plea bargaining

CPYQ-044 · Essay

Define plea bargaining, describe its procedure, discuss which offences qualify, and consider whether the victim may object.

Plea bargaining2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q1(B); 10 marks; page Part A.

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CPYQ-088 · Short note / option

Define plea bargaining and identify when a criminal case may enter that process.

Plea bargaining2019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q12(g) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.9.

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Vitiating and non-vitiating defects

CPYQ-052 · Essay

Examine procedural irregularities that invalidate criminal proceedings and those that do not under the CrPC.

Vitiating and non-vitiating defects2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q4(D); 10 marks; page Part B.

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Summary procedure for false evidence

CPYQ-055 · Short answer

What summary procedure applies to trial for giving false evidence?

Summary procedure for false evidence2024CrPC 1973 (explicit in some questions)

Asked in: Rajasthan Civil Judge Mains · 2024; Law Paper II: Criminal Law; Q4; 3 marks; page Law Paper II.

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Erroneous trial procedure

CPYQ-062 · Problem / case study

A Magistrate follows summons-case procedure for a warrant case and convicts the accused. Can the appellate court direct a fresh trial under Section 386 CrPC?

Erroneous trial procedure2018CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q1; 10 marks; page Printed p.6.

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Admission of documents

CPYQ-063 · Problem / case study

Call-detail records are admitted without objection. What is the consequence for formal proof under Section 294 CrPC?

Admission of documents2018CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q7(b); 5 marks; page Printed p.7.

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Police case versus complaint case

CPYQ-064 · Distinction / option

Distinguish the manner of framing charges in police cases and complaint cases.

Police case versus complaint case2018CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q9(e) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.7.

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Accused examination under Section 313

CPYQ-072 · Problem / case study

An accused with visual impairment requests written advance questions for examination under Section 313 CrPC, despite prosecution objections. May the court allow it?

Accused examination under Section 3132019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q2(a); 10 marks; page Printed p.7.

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Purpose of Section 313

CPYQ-073 · Analytical

May a court omit the accused’s Section 313 examination because incriminating evidence was presented in the accused’s presence?

Purpose of Section 3132019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q2(b); 5 marks; page Printed p.7.

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Section 91 documents at charge stage

CPYQ-079 · Analytical

At framing of charge, can the accused use Section 91 CrPC to obtain withheld materials, or may the court summon them itself?

Section 91 documents at charge stage2019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q8; 10 marks; page Printed p.8.

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Post-judgment charge alteration

CPYQ-082 · Problem / case study

After convicting on facts proving hurt but not cruelty, the court adds a Section 323 IPC charge after judgment. Is that alteration lawful?

Post-judgment charge alteration2019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q11; 20 marks; page Printed p.9.

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Trial of proclaimed offenders

CPYQ-090 · Short note / option

Write on conducting trial or pronouncing judgment in the absence of a proclaimed offender.

Trial of proclaimed offenders2024CrPC-era / BNSS-era; verify paper phrasing

Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 1 Q1; 10 marks; page Law III p.1.

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Witness re-examination

CPYQ-093 · Short note / option

Under what conditions may the prosecution re-examine a witness?

Witness re-examination2024CrPC-era / BNSS-era; verify paper phrasing

Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 1 Q5; 10 marks; page Law III p.2.

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Right to silence

CPYQ-096 · Short answer / option

Discuss the accused’s right to remain silent in criminal proceedings.

Right to silence2024CrPC-era / BNSS-era; verify paper phrasing

Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 2 Q9; 20 marks; page Law III p.2.

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Self-incrimination

CPYQ-098 · Essay / option

Discuss protection against compelled self-incrimination, with reference to State of Bombay v. Kathi Kalu Oghad, AIR 1961 SC 1808.

Self-incrimination2025Mixed as printed

Asked in: Kerala Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Paper III, Part III; Part III Q37; 8 marks; page Part III.

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Framing plea in cheque prosecution

CPYQ-099 · Drafting / problem

Frame the appropriate plea in a cheque-dishonour complaint against S. Basavaraj. The original complainant M. Jayaram is deceased and represented by his legal heir; the alleged ₹9,10,000 loan was followed by two dishonoured cheques and no payment after notice. Consult the source for dates and all stipulated facts.

Framing plea in cheque prosecution2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Karnataka Civil Judge Mains · 2023; Law Paper III: Criminal Charge and Judgment Writing (19 November 2023); Q1; 10 marks; page PDF pp.2–3.

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Framing charges in assault case

CPYQ-100 · Drafting / problem

Frame the appropriate charges using the police report alleging that Puttasiddamma and Samandaiah restrained Sathisha, took him to a house, struck him with a bamboo club, tied him with a rope, and later released him when witnesses intervened.

Framing charges in assault case2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Karnataka Civil Judge Mains · 2023; Law Paper III: Criminal Charge and Judgment Writing (19 November 2023); Q2; 20 marks; page PDF pp.3–4.

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Preventive Jurisdiction and Maintenance

4 question occurrences

Security for good behaviour

CPYQ-005 · Essay

When may a court require persons to furnish security for peace or good behaviour without convicting them?

Security for good behaviour2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q4(b); 10 marks; page 3.

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CPYQ-026 · Short answer / alternative

Discuss the BNSS provisions for obtaining security to ensure good behaviour.

Security for good behaviour2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q14 alternative; 5 marks; page Part D.

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Maintenance of wife

CPYQ-019 · Short answer / alternative

Define maintenance and describe the statutory scheme of maintenance for wives under the CrPC.

Maintenance of wife2025CrPC 1973

Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q11 alternative; 5 marks; page Part C.

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Alteration of maintenance

CPYQ-056 · Short answer

Explain the procedure for altering a maintenance allowance granted under Section 125 CrPC.

Alteration of maintenance2024CrPC 1973 (explicit in some questions)

Asked in: Rajasthan Civil Judge Mains · 2024; Law Paper II: Criminal Law; Q12; 4 marks; page Law Paper II.

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Sentencing, Remission and Appeals

12 question occurrences

Remission and commutation

CPYQ-001 · Essay

Compare BNSS provisions on suspension, remission and commutation of sentences with the constitutional clemency powers.

Remission and commutation2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q3(a); 10 marks; page 2.

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Judgment, sentence and victim compensation

CPYQ-025 · Short answer / alternative

Explain BNSS provisions concerning judgments, sentencing and compensation to victims.

Judgment, sentence and victim compensation2025BNSS 2023

Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q14 main; 5 marks; page Part D.

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Appellate court powers

CPYQ-035 · Essay

Explain appellate court powers and specify when a criminal appeal abates.

Appellate court powers2021CrPC 1973

Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q5; 10 marks; page 7.

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Consecutive sentences

CPYQ-049 · Essay

Explain the statutory rule on sentences following conviction for several offences at one trial, including whether it is mandatory.

Consecutive sentences2023CrPC 1973

Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q4(A); 10 marks; page Part B.

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Commutation

CPYQ-053 · Short answer

What does commutation of a death sentence or life imprisonment mean?

Commutation2024CrPC 1973 (explicit in some questions)

Asked in: Rajasthan Civil Judge Mains · 2024; Law Paper II: Criminal Law; Q1; 3 marks; page Law Paper II.

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Victim appeal

CPYQ-058 · Problem / case study

The State is refused leave to appeal an acquittal for murder. Can the deceased victim’s wife independently challenge that acquittal?

Victim appeal2018CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q4(a); 5 marks; page Printed p.6.

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Standing in criminal process

CPYQ-059 · Short answer

Discuss whether traditional rules of locus standi apply to criminal jurisdiction.

Standing in criminal process2018CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q4(b); 5 marks; page Printed p.6.

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Suspension of conviction

CPYQ-068 · Distinction / option

How does suspension of conviction differ from suspension of sentence?

Suspension of conviction2018CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q9(c) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.7.

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Defect in Section 313 examination

CPYQ-074 · Short answer

What remedies exist if incriminating circumstances were not put to the accused during examination under Section 313 CrPC?

Defect in Section 313 examination2019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q2(c); 5 marks; page Printed p.7.

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Victim appeal transition

CPYQ-076 · Problem / case study

Following a 2013 acquittal for a February 2009 assault, a victim’s appeals under Sections 372 and 378(4) CrPC are refused. Examine the challenge to these orders.

Victim appeal transition2019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q4; 10 marks; page Printed p.7.

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Victim relatives and appeal

CPYQ-080 · Problem / case study

After acquittal in a forged-power-of-attorney case, can the deceased complainant’s daughter challenge the High Court’s order before the Supreme Court?

Victim relatives and appeal2019CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q9; 20 marks; page Printed p.8.

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Juvenility raised on appeal

CPYQ-092 · Short note / option

What powers has an appellate court on discovering the convicted person was a juvenile at the relevant time?

Juvenility raised on appeal2024CrPC-era / BNSS-era; verify paper phrasing

Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 1 Q4; 10 marks; page Law III p.1.

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Inherent Powers and Quashing

3 question occurrences

High Court inherent jurisdiction

CPYQ-018 · Short answer / alternative

Examine the High Court’s inherent jurisdiction under Section 482 CrPC to prevent miscarriage of justice.

High Court inherent jurisdiction2025CrPC 1973

Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q11 main; 5 marks; page Part C.

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Suicide and quashing

CPYQ-071 · Problem / case study

An official dies by suicide following alleged harassment by a superior who is accused of abetment and threats. Examine a petition to quash the FIR under Section 482 CrPC.

Suicide and quashing2018CrPC 1973

Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q12; 10 marks; page Printed p.8.

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Civil loan dispute and criminal quashing

CPYQ-097 · Problem / case study

A retired bank employee defaults on a loan of approximately ₹27 lakh; civil recovery proceedings are pending and cheating and breach-of-trust allegations follow. Examine a Section 482 CrPC quashing petition.

Civil loan dispute and criminal quashing2024CrPC-era / BNSS-era; verify paper phrasing

Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 3 Q14; page Law III p.8.

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Exam papers and coverage audit

Every question below cites one identifiable published paper or reproduced question source. Grades describe source reliability, not the correctness of any legal proposition.

  1. Assam Judicial Service Mains (2025): Law Paper II (Parts C–D). 14 entries. Grade B. Attributed reproduction or secondary transcript; official paper not independently authenticated for this compilation.
  2. Kerala Judicial Service Mains (2025): Paper III, Part III. 1 entries. Grade B. Attributed reproduction or secondary transcript; official paper not independently authenticated for this compilation.
  3. UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains (2025): Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54). 12 entries. Grade A. Source hosted by official examination authority.
  4. Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains (2024): Law III (Criminal Law). 8 entries. Grade B. Attributed reproduction or secondary transcript; official paper not independently authenticated for this compilation.
  5. Rajasthan Civil Judge Mains (2024): Law Paper II: Criminal Law. 5 entries. Grade B. Attributed reproduction or secondary transcript; official paper not independently authenticated for this compilation.
  6. Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains (2023): Paper III: Criminal Law. 10 entries. Grade B. Attributed reproduction or secondary transcript; official paper not independently authenticated for this compilation.
  7. Karnataka Civil Judge Mains (2023): Law Paper III: Criminal Charge and Judgment Writing (19 November 2023). 2 entries. Grade A. Source hosted by official examination authority.
  8. Madhya Pradesh District Judge (Entry Level) Mains (2023): Third Question Paper: Local Laws, Criminal Law and Procedure. 4 entries. Grade B. Attributed reproduction or secondary transcript; official paper not independently authenticated for this compilation.
  9. West Bengal Judicial Service Mains (2021): Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A. 12 entries. Grade B. Attributed reproduction or secondary transcript; official paper not independently authenticated for this compilation.
  10. Delhi Judicial Service Mains (2019): Criminal Law (12 October 2019). 18 entries. Grade A. Source hosted by official examination authority.
  11. Delhi Judicial Service Mains (2018): Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019). 15 entries. Grade A. Source hosted by official examination authority.

Verified inventory statistics

101 attributable occurrences, 101 separately indexed prompts and 11 source papers. 47 entries use official-authority source PDFs (A), while 54 use attributable reproductions or published transcriptions (B). Years represented: 2018, 2019, 2021, 2023, 2024, 2025.

Jurisdictions represented: Assam, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.

Coverage limitations: This inventory is not an exhaustive statewide/year-wise audit. It does not independently establish coverage of all 28 states, Union Territories, or all relevant prosecution and law-officer exams. Some official question-paper archives are unavailable, not text-searchable or too large to examine thoroughly. In particular, the Delhi Higher Judicial Service 2024 entries rely on an attributable reproduction; its original high-volume official paper was not completely inspected here. The Kerala 2025 portion is limited to one located relevant question, and Kannada, Hindi and Bengali originals were not fully re-transcribed. Historical years before 2018 and unlocated completed 2026 cycles are not represented. Check each original before using a paraphrase as a purported quotation.

No mock questions, unsourced recollections, answers, outlines or suggested responses are included. Source-access and paper availability may change after the checking date.

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