Criminal Procedure Law (BNSS / CrPC): Mains Previous Year Questions (Subjective)
101 attributable subjective question occurrences from 11 judicial-service, higher-judiciary and prosecution papers, spanning 2018–2025 and nine jurisdictions. Questions retain their historical CrPC or BNSS context. Wording is presented as labelled editorial paraphrases, with links to original or attributable published papers. This is a research-limited compilation, not an exhaustive census of every Indian examination.
Checked: 14 November 2026 · No model answers or solutions · All prompts are labelled editorial paraphrases
About this compilation
Research checked on 14 November 2026. This publication contains 101 individually attributed subjective occurrences from 11 located papers across 9 jurisdictions. Each entry identifies the examination, year, paper, available question number, source evidence grade and legislative context.
Question text is a faithful editorial paraphrase, not a verbatim transcription or independent translation. Inspect the linked paper for the original fact pattern, exact option wording and language. Multiple options are retained as distinct attributed prompts.
Historic CrPC questions remain under the statute used by the examining authority. BNSS questions are identified separately. An attributable reproduction is not presented as an official question-paper PDF. This is a partial, evidence-led nationwide compilation; it does not represent exhaustive coverage of all states, years or authorities.
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FIR and Information to Police
6 question occurrences
FIR purpose
Discuss the meaning, purpose, utility and significance of the first information report.
Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q9(a); 8 marks; page 4.
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Cognizable offences
Distinguish between cognizable and non-cognizable offences.
Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q9(b); 6 marks; page 4.
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Define a cognizable offence.
Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q1(a); 3 marks; page 7.
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Cognizable / non-cognizable
Define cognizable and non-cognizable offences under CrPC 1973, including their effect on police powers of arrest and investigation.
Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q9(a) option; 3 marks; page Part C.
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FIR for witness intimidation
Can the police register an FIR concerning the offence under Section 195A IPC? Analyse.
Asked in: Madhya Pradesh District Judge (Entry Level) Mains · 2023; Third Question Paper: Local Laws, Criminal Law and Procedure; Third Paper Q6; 5 marks; page 9.
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Evidentiary value of FIR
Explain the evidentiary value of an FIR.
Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q1(D)(iv); page Part A.
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Investigation and Police Reports
14 question occurrences
Investigation stages
What is criminal investigation? Describe its various stages.
Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q3(c); 5 marks; page 3.
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Recording confessions
Explain the procedure for recording confessions and statements under Section 164 CrPC.
Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q9(d) option; 3 marks; page Part C.
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Investigation of cognizable case
Set out the procedure governing police investigation of cognizable cases.
Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q1(b); 7 marks; page 7.
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Charge-sheet disclosure
Is the charge-sheet a public document, and is the accused entitled to copies of every accompanying document? Explain with provisions and cases.
Asked in: Madhya Pradesh District Judge (Entry Level) Mains · 2023; Third Question Paper: Local Laws, Criminal Law and Procedure; Third Paper Q5; 5 marks; page 9.
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Magistrate-directed investigation
Describe Supreme Court safeguards governing a Magistrate’s direction for investigation under Section 156(3) CrPC.
Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q4(B); 10 marks; page Part B.
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Overseas witness examination
A Delhi murder investigation requires evidence from a Japanese citizen living in Japan. What is the procedure for recording that witness’s evidence?
Asked in: Rajasthan Civil Judge Mains · 2024; Law Paper II: Criminal Law; Q13; 4 marks; page Law Paper II.
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Further investigation
After filing the police report, what authority remains under Section 173(8) CrPC, and can the Magistrate order de novo or fresh investigation?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q6(a); 5 marks; page Printed p.7.
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Unknown body identification
In a murder inquiry involving an unidentified body, exhumation and photographic superimposition are used. Examine identification reliability and whether DNA evidence is treated differently.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q3; 15 marks; page Printed p.7.
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Voice samples
Investigators request a suspect’s voice sample to compare with a seized telephone recording in a recruitment-fraud case. Evaluate the Magistrate’s authority to order collection.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q10; 10 marks; page Printed p.9.
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Inquest report
State the purpose and evidentiary value of an inquest report.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q12(a) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.9.
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Confession under Section 164
May an accused ask a Magistrate to record a voluntary confession under Section 164 CrPC?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q12(e) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.9.
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Seizure of immovable property
Can the police invoke Section 102 CrPC to seize or attach immovable property?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q12(h) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.9.
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Judicial control of investigation
When may a Magistrate or Sessions Court order further investigation, fresh investigation, or reinvestigation?
Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 1 Q6; 10 marks; page Law III p.2.
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Test identification parade
Consider whether a test identification parade is compulsory, the consequences of a delayed parade, the holding of a joint parade for two accused persons, and whether an accused has the right to demand a test identification parade.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q3(b); 10 marks; page Printed p.6.
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Arrest, Bail and Bonds
14 question occurrences
Discretionary bail
Explain why bail in a non-bailable offence is not automatically claimable as a right, referring to provisions and judgments.
Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q5(b); 10 marks; page 3.
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BNSS bail provisions
Discuss the provisions relating to bail in the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.
Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q9(c); 6 marks; page 4.
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Anticipatory bail
Discuss anticipatory bail under Section 438 CrPC, the conditions governing its grant, and relevant case law.
Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q10; 4 marks; page Part C.
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Rights upon arrest
State the rights of a person who has been arrested.
Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q12(a) option; 2.5 marks; page Part D.
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Bond instead of arrest
Identify circumstances where a person may be released on bond rather than being arrested.
Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q12(c) option; 2.5 marks; page Part D.
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Drafting bail application
Draft a bail application for an accused arrested and imprisoned in connection with an allegation under Section 302 IPC.
Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q1(A); 10 marks; page Part A.
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Bail after absconding
An accused in a bailable case is released but later absconds; following execution of non-bailable warrants, can the court refuse renewed bail under Section 436(1) CrPC?
Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q4(C); 10 marks; page Part B.
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Arrest procedure
Briefly describe how arrest is carried out and the duties of the arresting officer.
Asked in: Rajasthan Civil Judge Mains · 2024; Law Paper II: Criminal Law; Q3; 3 marks; page Law Paper II.
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Access to counsel
Can an arrestee demand the presence of an advocate during police questioning?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q6(b); 5 marks; page Printed p.7.
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Default bail
The police file a murder report within the prescribed period, but the Magistrate returns it over an investigator-rank defect. Can the detained accused claim default bail under Section 167(2) CrPC?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q10; 10 marks; page Printed p.7.
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Anticipatory versus ordinary bail
Distinguish an order granting anticipatory bail from ordinary bail.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q9(d) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.7.
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Sentence suspension versus bail
Distinguish bail from suspension of a sentence.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q9(b) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.7.
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Victim participation in bail
Describe the complainant or victim’s right to oppose bail in sexual-offence prosecutions.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q12(b) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.9.
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Cancellation of bail
State the legal grounds on which bail may be cancelled.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q12(d) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.9.
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Summons, Warrants and Proclamation
3 question occurrences
Service of summons
Summarise the rules for service of summons under the BNSS, 2023.
Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q12(d) option; 2.5 marks; page Part D.
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Proclamation of offenders
State the circumstances and procedure for publishing a proclamation against an offender.
Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q3(a); 6 marks; page 7.
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Attachment of property
Discuss attachment of property belonging to a proclaimed offender.
Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q3(b); 4 marks; page 7.
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Cognizance, Complaints and Prosecution
12 question occurrences
Private complaints
Define a complaint, identify its essential elements, and describe the Magistrate’s procedure after receiving it.
Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q4(a); 10 marks; page 3.
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Committal to Sessions
What powers and duties does the Magistrate exercise under Chapter XVI of CrPC where the matter is exclusively Sessions-triable?
Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q9(b) option; 3 marks; page Part C.
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Magistrate complaint procedure
What is a complaint, and what procedure must a Magistrate follow after receiving one under BNSS 2023?
Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q12(b) option; 2.5 marks; page Part D.
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Limitation for cognizance
Write a short note on limitation periods for taking cognizance of offences.
Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q6(a) option; page 7.
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Tender of pardon
Write a short note on tender of pardon to an accomplice.
Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q6(b) option; page 7.
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Role of public prosecutor
Explain the role of a Public Prosecutor during trial and the conditions for withdrawing a prosecution.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q14(a); 10 marks; page Printed p.8.
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Prosecutor withdrawal
A prosecutor seeks withdrawal based solely on a government no-objection notification. Is that adequate?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q14(b); 5 marks; page Printed p.8.
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Conflicting witness accounts
A rape complainant supports allegations under Section 161 CrPC, retracts them under Section 164, then supports them in another Section 161 statement. Can cognizance follow?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q6; 10 marks; page Printed p.8.
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Sanction and additional accused
After cognizance against two public servants, evidence implicates a third. Assess Section 319 CrPC alongside the need for sanction under Section 197.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q7; 10 marks; page Printed p.8.
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Protest petition
Explain how a court deals with a protest petition against a closure report.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q12(c) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.9.
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New charge-sheet and sanction
Can police submit a new charge-sheet after receiving prosecution sanction where a public servant was earlier discharged for lack of sanction?
Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 1 Q2; 10 marks; page Law III p.1.
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Special Judge closure report
What authority does a Special Judge possess on receiving a police closure report concerning a Prevention of Corruption Act case?
Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 2 Q8; 20 marks; page Law III p.2.
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Criminal Courts and Territorial Jurisdiction
4 question occurrences
Classes of courts
List the classes of criminal courts, and discuss the Court of Session and sentences it can impose.
Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q7(a); 10 marks; page 4.
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Extortion across jurisdictions
An extortion victim is threatened within Court X’s jurisdiction and delivers property within Court Y’s jurisdiction. Which court may try the offence?
Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q1(C)(i); 5 marks; page Part A.
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Cheating across jurisdictions
A makes false representations to C at X; C delivers property to B, A’s abettor, at Y. Where may A and B be jointly tried?
Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q1(C)(ii); 5 marks; page Part A.
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Extra-territorial offences
An Indian participates in Australia in a marriage ceremony forbidden by Indian child-marriage legislation, then returns to India. Can an Indian court try the person?
Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q3(A); 10 marks; page Part B.
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Trials, Charges and Plea Bargaining
29 question occurrences
Warrant trial
Describe the procedure and successive stages of a warrant-case trial initiated upon a police report.
Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q3(b); 5 marks; page 3.
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Joinder of charges
Define a charge and explain the statutory provisions allowing multiple charges to be tried together.
Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q5(a); 10 marks; page 3.
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Summary trials
What is a summary trial, what procedure governs it, and how does the complainant’s absence affect the trial?
Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q7(b); 10 marks; page 4.
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Compounding
Explain compounding of offences under Section 320 of the CrPC, 1973.
Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q9(c) option; 3 marks; page Part C.
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Write a short note on the compounding of offences.
Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q6(c) option; page 7.
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Warrant trials
Explain stages and procedure of a warrant-case trial instituted on a police report under BNSS 2023.
Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q13; 5 marks; page Part D.
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Contents of charges
What particulars must a criminal charge contain?
Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q2(a); 3 marks; page 7.
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Separate charges and exceptions
Explain the rule requiring separate charges for distinct offences and identify exceptions to that rule.
Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q2(b); 7 marks; page 7.
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Double jeopardy
Discuss the prohibition on repeated trial for the same offence with reference to the Code.
Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q4(a); 3 marks; page 7.
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Double jeopardy problem
A, B and C are convicted by a First Class Magistrate of robbing D. May they face another trial based on the same facts? Give reasons.
Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q4(b); 7 marks; page 7.
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Vitiating irregularities
Identify any five procedural irregularities which invalidate criminal proceedings.
Asked in: Madhya Pradesh District Judge (Entry Level) Mains · 2023; Third Question Paper: Local Laws, Criminal Law and Procedure; Third Paper Q4; 5 marks; page 9.
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Alteration of charge
When may a court add a new charge at the judgment stage and proceed immediately to pronounce judgment?
Asked in: Madhya Pradesh District Judge (Entry Level) Mains · 2023; Third Question Paper: Local Laws, Criminal Law and Procedure; Third Paper Q7; 5 marks; page 9.
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Plea bargaining
Define plea bargaining, describe its procedure, discuss which offences qualify, and consider whether the victim may object.
Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q1(B); 10 marks; page Part A.
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Define plea bargaining and identify when a criminal case may enter that process.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q12(g) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.9.
Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade A (Official authority PDF)
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Vitiating and non-vitiating defects
Examine procedural irregularities that invalidate criminal proceedings and those that do not under the CrPC.
Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q4(D); 10 marks; page Part B.
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Summary procedure for false evidence
What summary procedure applies to trial for giving false evidence?
Asked in: Rajasthan Civil Judge Mains · 2024; Law Paper II: Criminal Law; Q4; 3 marks; page Law Paper II.
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Erroneous trial procedure
A Magistrate follows summons-case procedure for a warrant case and convicts the accused. Can the appellate court direct a fresh trial under Section 386 CrPC?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q1; 10 marks; page Printed p.6.
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Admission of documents
Call-detail records are admitted without objection. What is the consequence for formal proof under Section 294 CrPC?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q7(b); 5 marks; page Printed p.7.
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Police case versus complaint case
Distinguish the manner of framing charges in police cases and complaint cases.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q9(e) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.7.
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Accused examination under Section 313
An accused with visual impairment requests written advance questions for examination under Section 313 CrPC, despite prosecution objections. May the court allow it?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q2(a); 10 marks; page Printed p.7.
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Purpose of Section 313
May a court omit the accused’s Section 313 examination because incriminating evidence was presented in the accused’s presence?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q2(b); 5 marks; page Printed p.7.
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Section 91 documents at charge stage
At framing of charge, can the accused use Section 91 CrPC to obtain withheld materials, or may the court summon them itself?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q8; 10 marks; page Printed p.8.
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Post-judgment charge alteration
After convicting on facts proving hurt but not cruelty, the court adds a Section 323 IPC charge after judgment. Is that alteration lawful?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q11; 20 marks; page Printed p.9.
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Trial of proclaimed offenders
Write on conducting trial or pronouncing judgment in the absence of a proclaimed offender.
Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 1 Q1; 10 marks; page Law III p.1.
Source: View source paper / reproduced question · Grade B (Attributable secondary reproduction / published transcript)
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Witness re-examination
Under what conditions may the prosecution re-examine a witness?
Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 1 Q5; 10 marks; page Law III p.2.
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Right to silence
Discuss the accused’s right to remain silent in criminal proceedings.
Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 2 Q9; 20 marks; page Law III p.2.
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Self-incrimination
Discuss protection against compelled self-incrimination, with reference to State of Bombay v. Kathi Kalu Oghad, AIR 1961 SC 1808.
Asked in: Kerala Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Paper III, Part III; Part III Q37; 8 marks; page Part III.
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Framing plea in cheque prosecution
Frame the appropriate plea in a cheque-dishonour complaint against S. Basavaraj. The original complainant M. Jayaram is deceased and represented by his legal heir; the alleged ₹9,10,000 loan was followed by two dishonoured cheques and no payment after notice. Consult the source for dates and all stipulated facts.
Asked in: Karnataka Civil Judge Mains · 2023; Law Paper III: Criminal Charge and Judgment Writing (19 November 2023); Q1; 10 marks; page PDF pp.2–3.
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Framing charges in assault case
Frame the appropriate charges using the police report alleging that Puttasiddamma and Samandaiah restrained Sathisha, took him to a house, struck him with a bamboo club, tied him with a rope, and later released him when witnesses intervened.
Asked in: Karnataka Civil Judge Mains · 2023; Law Paper III: Criminal Charge and Judgment Writing (19 November 2023); Q2; 20 marks; page PDF pp.3–4.
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Preventive Jurisdiction and Maintenance
4 question occurrences
Security for good behaviour
When may a court require persons to furnish security for peace or good behaviour without convicting them?
Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q4(b); 10 marks; page 3.
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Discuss the BNSS provisions for obtaining security to ensure good behaviour.
Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q14 alternative; 5 marks; page Part D.
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Maintenance of wife
Define maintenance and describe the statutory scheme of maintenance for wives under the CrPC.
Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q11 alternative; 5 marks; page Part C.
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Alteration of maintenance
Explain the procedure for altering a maintenance allowance granted under Section 125 CrPC.
Asked in: Rajasthan Civil Judge Mains · 2024; Law Paper II: Criminal Law; Q12; 4 marks; page Law Paper II.
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Sentencing, Remission and Appeals
12 question occurrences
Remission and commutation
Compare BNSS provisions on suspension, remission and commutation of sentences with the constitutional clemency powers.
Asked in: UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains · 2025; Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54); Q3(a); 10 marks; page 2.
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Judgment, sentence and victim compensation
Explain BNSS provisions concerning judgments, sentencing and compensation to victims.
Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q14 main; 5 marks; page Part D.
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Appellate court powers
Explain appellate court powers and specify when a criminal appeal abates.
Asked in: West Bengal Judicial Service Mains · 2021; Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A; Group A Q5; 10 marks; page 7.
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Consecutive sentences
Explain the statutory rule on sentences following conviction for several offences at one trial, including whether it is mandatory.
Asked in: Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains · 2023; Paper III: Criminal Law; Q4(A); 10 marks; page Part B.
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Commutation
What does commutation of a death sentence or life imprisonment mean?
Asked in: Rajasthan Civil Judge Mains · 2024; Law Paper II: Criminal Law; Q1; 3 marks; page Law Paper II.
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Victim appeal
The State is refused leave to appeal an acquittal for murder. Can the deceased victim’s wife independently challenge that acquittal?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q4(a); 5 marks; page Printed p.6.
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Standing in criminal process
Discuss whether traditional rules of locus standi apply to criminal jurisdiction.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q4(b); 5 marks; page Printed p.6.
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Suspension of conviction
How does suspension of conviction differ from suspension of sentence?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q9(c) option; 5 marks; page Printed p.7.
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Defect in Section 313 examination
What remedies exist if incriminating circumstances were not put to the accused during examination under Section 313 CrPC?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q2(c); 5 marks; page Printed p.7.
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Victim appeal transition
Following a 2013 acquittal for a February 2009 assault, a victim’s appeals under Sections 372 and 378(4) CrPC are refused. Examine the challenge to these orders.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q4; 10 marks; page Printed p.7.
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Victim relatives and appeal
After acquittal in a forged-power-of-attorney case, can the deceased complainant’s daughter challenge the High Court’s order before the Supreme Court?
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2019; Criminal Law (12 October 2019); Q9; 20 marks; page Printed p.8.
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Juvenility raised on appeal
What powers has an appellate court on discovering the convicted person was a juvenile at the relevant time?
Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 1 Q4; 10 marks; page Law III p.1.
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Inherent Powers and Quashing
3 question occurrences
High Court inherent jurisdiction
Examine the High Court’s inherent jurisdiction under Section 482 CrPC to prevent miscarriage of justice.
Asked in: Assam Judicial Service Mains · 2025; Law Paper II (Parts C–D); Q11 main; 5 marks; page Part C.
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Suicide and quashing
An official dies by suicide following alleged harassment by a superior who is accused of abetment and threats. Examine a petition to quash the FIR under Section 482 CrPC.
Asked in: Delhi Judicial Service Mains · 2018; Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019); Q12; 10 marks; page Printed p.8.
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Civil loan dispute and criminal quashing
A retired bank employee defaults on a loan of approximately ₹27 lakh; civil recovery proceedings are pending and cheating and breach-of-trust allegations follow. Examine a Section 482 CrPC quashing petition.
Asked in: Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains · 2024; Law III (Criminal Law); Part 3 Q14; page Law III p.8.
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Exam papers and coverage audit
Every question below cites one identifiable published paper or reproduced question source. Grades describe source reliability, not the correctness of any legal proposition.
- Assam Judicial Service Mains (2025): Law Paper II (Parts C–D). 14 entries. Grade B. Attributed reproduction or secondary transcript; official paper not independently authenticated for this compilation.
- Kerala Judicial Service Mains (2025): Paper III, Part III. 1 entries. Grade B. Attributed reproduction or secondary transcript; official paper not independently authenticated for this compilation.
- UPPSC Assistant Prosecution Officer Mains (2025): Criminal Law and Procedure (Paper 54). 12 entries. Grade A. Source hosted by official examination authority.
- Delhi Higher Judicial Service Mains (2024): Law III (Criminal Law). 8 entries. Grade B. Attributed reproduction or secondary transcript; official paper not independently authenticated for this compilation.
- Rajasthan Civil Judge Mains (2024): Law Paper II: Criminal Law. 5 entries. Grade B. Attributed reproduction or secondary transcript; official paper not independently authenticated for this compilation.
- Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Mains (2023): Paper III: Criminal Law. 10 entries. Grade B. Attributed reproduction or secondary transcript; official paper not independently authenticated for this compilation.
- Karnataka Civil Judge Mains (2023): Law Paper III: Criminal Charge and Judgment Writing (19 November 2023). 2 entries. Grade A. Source hosted by official examination authority.
- Madhya Pradesh District Judge (Entry Level) Mains (2023): Third Question Paper: Local Laws, Criminal Law and Procedure. 4 entries. Grade B. Attributed reproduction or secondary transcript; official paper not independently authenticated for this compilation.
- West Bengal Judicial Service Mains (2021): Criminal Procedure Code and Indian Penal Code, Group A. 12 entries. Grade B. Attributed reproduction or secondary transcript; official paper not independently authenticated for this compilation.
- Delhi Judicial Service Mains (2019): Criminal Law (12 October 2019). 18 entries. Grade A. Source hosted by official examination authority.
- Delhi Judicial Service Mains (2018): Criminal Law (exam held 9 February 2019). 15 entries. Grade A. Source hosted by official examination authority.
Verified inventory statistics
101 attributable occurrences, 101 separately indexed prompts and 11 source papers. 47 entries use official-authority source PDFs (A), while 54 use attributable reproductions or published transcriptions (B). Years represented: 2018, 2019, 2021, 2023, 2024, 2025.
Jurisdictions represented: Assam, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.
Coverage limitations: This inventory is not an exhaustive statewide/year-wise audit. It does not independently establish coverage of all 28 states, Union Territories, or all relevant prosecution and law-officer exams. Some official question-paper archives are unavailable, not text-searchable or too large to examine thoroughly. In particular, the Delhi Higher Judicial Service 2024 entries rely on an attributable reproduction; its original high-volume official paper was not completely inspected here. The Kerala 2025 portion is limited to one located relevant question, and Kannada, Hindi and Bengali originals were not fully re-transcribed. Historical years before 2018 and unlocated completed 2026 cycles are not represented. Check each original before using a paraphrase as a purported quotation.
No mock questions, unsourced recollections, answers, outlines or suggested responses are included. Source-access and paper availability may change after the checking date.
