Criminal Procedure Law PYQs: CrPC & BNSS

Correct answer: C. Yes, subject to contrary special statutory procedure

Section 4(2) CrPC extended the Code to offences under other laws, subject to any special procedural provisions in the relevant enactment.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Magistrate may direct local police to register a zero FIR and investigate

The published paper selects a direction for a zero FIR under section 156(3) CrPC. Territorial jurisdiction concerns do not justify refusing registration of cognizable information.

The particular extent of directions under section 156(3) depends on judicial precedent and the facts.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. It must not be signed by the maker

Section 162(1) prohibits obtaining the maker’s signature on statements to police during investigation, subject to the statutory use of such statements.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. Superintendent of Police concerned

Section 154(3) permitted sending the substance of information to the Superintendent of Police on refusal by the officer in charge.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. All three

Lalita Kumari v Government of Uttar Pradesh (2014) described illustrative categories where a preliminary inquiry might determine whether a cognizable offence was disclosed.

Current BNSS section 173(3) contains a separate statutory preliminary-enquiry mechanism; do not transplant the old rule unchanged.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. Such order automatically grants power to arrest without warrant

Under section 155(3), a police officer with the Magistrate’s order has ordinary investigative powers except the power to arrest without warrant.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Seven days

The reproduced 2018–19 paper referred to the seven-day period from Lalita Kumari-related directions as understood in its examination context.

Historical exam-year answer. BNSS section 173(3) now provides a separate statutory enquiry rule and timeline.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. The specified provisions about reasonable force and substitute practitioners both applied

The CrPC definition of medical examination and sections 53–54 set conditions for examination, qualified practitioners, reasonable force and special safeguards for sexual-offence cases.

Exact practitioner conditions in the printed two-part question should be consulted in the linked paper.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Free entry and reasonable facilities to search

Section 47 CrPC prescribed demands for entry and allowed forcible entry only under conditions stated in the provision.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. Judicial Magistrate or Metropolitan Magistrate as prescribed

Section 176(1A) CrPC required inquiry by a Judicial or Metropolitan Magistrate for specified custodial deaths, disappearances and allegations of rape in custody.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Yes, subject to competent court directions

Section 41A(4) permitted arrest for non-compliance or refusal to identify, subject to applicable judicial restrictions and statutory arrest tests.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. At least one family member or respectable local witness, plus countersignature

Section 41B required attestation by at least one witness meeting statutory criteria and countersignature by the arrested person.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. The Magistrate personally or a person directed by the Magistrate

CrPC section 44 authorised the Magistrate to arrest or order any person to arrest the offender in the stated circumstances.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. All these propositions

Section 54A allowed court-directed identification and required the prescribed protections where the identifier was mentally or physically disabled.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. All listed officers

Section 293(4) identified various government scientific experts whose reports could be used subject to the Code.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Yes, within the statutory conditions

Sections 102 and 457 CrPC governed seizure and disposal proceedings. Perishable articles require the procedural safeguards applicable to custody and sale.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. Where abscondence is proved and arrest is not immediately foreseeable

Section 299 permitted deposition in the absence of an absconding accused when there was no immediate prospect of arrest, subject to prescribed safeguards.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. Section 82

Section 82 provided the publication of a proclamation requiring an absconding person to appear.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. No; that designation applied to listed serious offences

Section 82(4) specified categories of offences for the formal designation of proclaimed offender. A proclamation under section 82(1) is a separate procedure.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. Either planned disposal or removal from jurisdiction may suffice

Section 83(1) CrPC allowed simultaneous attachment on sufficient satisfaction that the absconder was about to dispose of property or remove it from local jurisdiction.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. 30 days

Section 82 required the proclaimed appearance date to be no less than thirty days from publication of the proclamation.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Yes, if the statutory conditions are satisfied

Under CrPC section 167(2), the 90-day maximum applies to qualifying grave offences. The right requires satisfaction of statutory conditions and readiness to furnish bail.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. Section 167 of the CrPC

The proviso to section 167(2) governed release on default bail when the investigation was not completed within the applicable statutory period.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. All three categories

The first proviso to section 437(1) allowed consideration of bail for persons under sixteen, women, and sick or infirm persons even in specified serious non-bailable cases.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. No; it may continue through trial absent a justified limit

The Supreme Court in Sushila Aggarwal v State (NCT of Delhi) (2020) held anticipatory bail need not ordinarily be restricted to a fixed period.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Mandatory prior notice with prescribed 15-day window

Section 439(1A) CrPC introduced special safeguards for bail applications involving offences under sections 376(3), 376AB, 376DA and 376DB IPC.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Trial court’s provisional bail power under section 389(3)

Section 389(3) CrPC allowed continuation of bail for an eligible convicted person to afford time for appeal, subject to the provision and judicial satisfaction.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. No unrestricted locus or entitlement at that stage

The paper tests the limits on an accused invoking section 91 at the charge stage. Court-directed production is governed by necessity, desirability and applicable precedent.

The absolutist wording of the reproduced choice should not be treated as a blanket ban on court-directed preservation or disclosure.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. Section 104

Section 104 CrPC authorised a court to impound a document or thing produced before it, if considered fit.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. No; the Magistrate may order further investigation

A Magistrate is not bound by the police conclusion and may direct further investigation or follow another lawful course. The accused is not necessarily entitled to a hearing before further investigation is directed.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. The offence

Cognizance concerns the offence disclosed by material placed before the court, not merely the individual offender.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. The Magistrate concerned

The Magistrate has powers recognised in case law to order further investigation even after receiving a police report.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Take cognizance and examine complainant and witnesses on oath

Section 200 CrPC ordinarily required examination of complainant and present witnesses upon taking cognizance on complaint, subject to statutory exceptions.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. All those bases

Section 190(1) provided distinct bases: complaint, police report, information from other persons, and the Magistrate’s own knowledge, as applicable.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. A written complaint by a public servant acting officially

The proviso to section 200 exempted specified written complaints by public servants acting or purporting to act in discharge of official duties.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. The Magistrate stays complaint proceedings and calls for a police report

Section 210 CrPC required staying the complaint proceeding and calling for a police report when parallel police investigation concerned the same offence.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Assess threats to witnesses or their families

The scheme recognised structured assessment of threat perception during and after investigations or trials, as recognised in Mahender Chawla v Union of India (2018).

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. No; record the victim’s own account without coercion

Recording under section 164 CrPC serves to preserve the victim’s voluntary statement rather than adopt the investigating officer’s assessment of credibility.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Yes, while preserving effective cross-examination

The court may use child-sensitive procedures to prevent direct confrontation while safeguarding fair-trial and cross-examination rights.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. No, translation into court language remains required

Sections 277–279 CrPC regulated recording of evidence and translation, preserving a common judicial record accessible to the parties.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Only on the accused’s own written request

Section 315(1) made the accused competent as a defence witness, but precluded calling the accused except on their own written request.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Temporarily physically disabled stalking victim

The proviso to section 164(5A)(b) recognised recording and subsequent use of statements from persons temporarily or permanently mentally or physically disabled in specified sexual-offence matters.

Verify precise victim disability and listed-offence conditions before applying this answer beyond the historical question.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. During investigation or before inquiry/trial commences

Section 164 allowed a competent Magistrate to record confessions or statements in the investigation stage or thereafter before commencement of inquiry or trial.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Yes, written statement may be permitted

Section 313(5) CrPC permitted the court to take help in preparing questions and to permit filing of a written statement as compliance.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Section 242

Section 242 CrPC governed evidence for the prosecution in a police-report warrant case after the charge is framed.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. Where the charge is groundless

Section 239 permitted discharge where, after considering the police report and hearing the sides, the charge is found groundless.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. Before judgment is pronounced

Section 216 CrPC expressly allowed alteration or addition of charges at any time before judgment was pronounced.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Yes, when established facts satisfy the minor offence

Section 222 CrPC permitted conviction of an included minor offence notwithstanding absence of a separate charge.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. Framing of the charge

The examination identified framing of the charge as commencement of trial for the procedural context posed.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Section 319

Section 319 CrPC empowered the court to proceed against another person appearing from trial or inquiry evidence to have committed the offence.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. Acquittal or conviction

The final judgment after trial adjudicates guilt and ordinarily acquits or convicts, rather than merely discharging the accused.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Convict of the lesser offence under section 222

Section 222 allowed conviction of a minor offence proved by facts within a charged major offence, even without a separate charge.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. Frame a formal charge and recall earlier witnesses as needed

Section 259 CrPC provided the mechanism to follow warrant-case procedure when justice required it, including observance of charge and evidence safeguards.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Yes, because consequences arose later

Section 300(3) CrPC permitted a later trial for a distinct offence constituted by consequences not known or occurring when the earlier conviction was made.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. Postpone and follow the statutory incapacity procedure

Chapter XXV of the CrPC prescribed assessment and postponement where a defendant was of unsound mind and incapable of making a defence.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. The error is not fatal without prejudice

Sections 215 and 464 CrPC focused on whether an error or omission in a charge occasioned a failure of justice.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. Hearing the prosecution and taking supporting evidence

Section 244 CrPC governed pre-charge evidence in warrant cases instituted otherwise than on police report.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Explain the accusation and ask for plea; formal charge is unnecessary

Section 251 CrPC required stating particulars of the offence and asking about plea or defence, without a formally framed charge.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. All listed types, subject to statutory conditions

Section 260 CrPC specified offences eligible for summary trial, including listed minor property offences and imprisonment thresholds under the then-effective Code.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Hardeep Singh v State of Punjab

Hardeep Singh v State of Punjab (2014) is the Constitution Bench judgment addressing section 319 CrPC and the threshold of evidence.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. Cheating charges never need to describe the manner of deception

Section 213 CrPC required particulars of the manner of commission where necessary to give adequate notice. Cheating allegations may require that detail.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. Offences punishable with imprisonment exceeding two years

The then-effective section 260 set limits on summary trials; the historical paper excluded offences carrying imprisonment exceeding two years.

The BNSS changed aspects of the summary-trial threshold. Use the currently applicable provision for new cases.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. The bar against a second trial for the same offence

Section 300 recognised the statutory rule against subsequent trial of the same offence while the former acquittal or conviction remains in force, subject to exceptions.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. A discharged person can never be summoned under section 319

An earlier discharge does not create an absolute prohibition against invoking section 319; the statutory standard and legal safeguards must be met.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. The complaint procedure follows the Code’s special sections

Sections 340–343 CrPC provided procedure for court complaints concerning specified offences affecting judicial administration, and section 343 addressed their treatment.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. Special summary action where authorised or section 340 proceedings

The Code contained procedures including section 344 for summary trial of specified false evidence and section 340 for appropriate court complaints.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. Acquittal

Section 320(8) CrPC expressly made composition of an offence have the effect of acquittal of the accused.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. Neither route applies as stated

The question tested restrictions on compounding and withdrawal of complaints about offences affecting public justice. The reproduction selected neither proposition.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Yes, the victim is entitled to participate

The plea-bargaining provisions, particularly section 265C, contemplated participation by the victim in eligible cases.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Yes, the statutory disposition includes compensation procedure

Sections 265D–265E CrPC laid down settlement reporting and disposal, including award of compensation to the victim before sentence consideration.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Acquittal

If the Magistrate permits withdrawal of a summons-case complaint under section 257, the accused is acquitted.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. Extortion under IPC section 384

The statutory compounding table controls eligible offences. The examined form of extortion under section 384 IPC was not compoundable.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. All listed cases

Section 127(3) expressly prescribed remarriage, prescribed payment on divorce and agreed surrender as possible statutory grounds for cancellation.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Prima facie indication that parties lived as spouses

Section 125 maintenance proceedings are summary; prima facie proof of marital relationship can suffice, with ultimate findings governed by evidence and applicable personal law.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. One year from when each amount becomes due

The first proviso to section 125(3) restricted a warrant for recovery unless an application was made within one year from when the amount became due.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Yes, under CrPC section 357A(4)

Section 357A(4) permitted the victim or dependants to approach the State or District Legal Services Authority where the offender is not identified or traced and no trial takes place.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. It may award from fine and recommend additional scheme compensation

Sections 357 and 357A together permitted court-ordered compensation and recommendations for supplementary rehabilitation assistance.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. Both sections 357 and 357A

Section 357 governed compensation out of fine or otherwise, whereas section 357A established the victim compensation scheme.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. An amount determined by the Magistrate within the court’s fine-imposing power

Section 250 allowed a Magistrate to award compensation for an accusation without reasonable cause within the limit of the fine the Magistrate could impose.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. Yes, section 357A can operate in addition to fine compensation

Section 357A provides compensation for victims and may supplement compensation under other criminal-law provisions where lawful.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. Section 357C

Section 357C CrPC directed government and private hospitals to provide immediate first-aid or medical treatment free of cost to specified victims.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. A court can never order compensation without imposing fine

Section 357(3) CrPC specifically empowered compensation where fine does not form part of the sentence.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. Confirmation by the High Court

Under section 366 CrPC, every death sentence passed by a Sessions Court required confirmation by the High Court.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Both, within applicable conditions

Section 378 governs State prosecution appeals and the proviso to section 372 recognises the victim’s appeal rights, subject to procedure and judicial interpretation.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Appeal to the Supreme Court

Section 379 CrPC, read with constitutional appellate jurisdiction, provides for appeal to the Supreme Court in the stated circumstances.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Yes, subject to CrPC section 31 limits

Section 31 CrPC regulated consecutive sentences at one trial and imposed aggregate limits, subject to judicial sentencing powers and statutory ceilings.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Refusal requires consideration and special reasons where applicable

Section 361 CrPC required special reasons where the court did not extend the benefit of probation-related provisions to an otherwise eligible offender.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Consecutively unless the court directs otherwise

Section 427(1) laid down the ordinary consecutive operation of subsequent sentences, subject to judicial directions and statutory exceptions.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. A free copy of the judgment under section 363

Section 363 CrPC required supplying a copy of judgment free of cost to a person sentenced to imprisonment, subject to the section.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. Mallikarjun Kodagali v State of Karnataka

Mallikarjun Kodagali v State of Karnataka (2018) addressed the victim’s statutory appeal right under the proviso to section 372 CrPC.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Appeal concerning extent or legality of sentence to Sessions Court

Section 375 CrPC limited appeal after conviction on a plea of guilty to the extent or legality of sentence, in the prescribed appellate forum.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. All the listed categories

The Code’s definition of victim includes a guardian or legal heir, and the section 372 proviso recognised prescribed victim appeal rights.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Where it was committed

Section 177 CrPC stated the general rule that an offence ordinarily be inquired into and tried by the court within whose local jurisdiction it was committed.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Make over the case and custody where rules require

Section 475 CrPC and the applicable military trial rules regulated delivery of accused and records to the competent military authority.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. High Court; other session-division venue may require party consent

Under section 9(6) CrPC, the High Court specified Session Court sitting places and an alternative venue in the division could be used with consent of prosecution and accused.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. One year

Section 468(2)(b) CrPC prescribed one year for offences punishable by imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: A. Time an offender remained outside India or concealed to evade process

Section 470 CrPC prescribed exclusion of specified periods, including when the offender was outside India or absconding or concealing to avoid arrest.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: B. No, the civil rights remain unaffected

Section 456 addressed restoration of immovable-property possession after specified convictions without prejudicing rights determined by a civil court.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: D. All these categories

Section 297 permitted affidavits to be sworn before a Judge, Judicial or Executive Magistrate, appointed Commissioner of Oaths, or appointed notary.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.

Correct answer: C. Recall and personal trial of a case under section 410

Section 460 identified enumerated irregularities by Magistrates acting erroneously in good faith that did not automatically vitiate proceedings.

This question tests the CrPC as applicable to the examination year. Consult the current BNSS separately.